METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR NON-INVASIVE PHOTOMETRIC BLOOD CONSTITUENT DIAGNOSIS
First Claim
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1. Apparatus for non-invasively detecting at least a first constituent in a fluid while contained within tissue, the apparatus comprising:
- a photo-array including at least a first photo-emitter and at least first and second photo-detectors, wherein the first photo-emitter propagates a first set of photons in the tissue at a single, isobestic, first wavelength, and the at least first and second photo-detectors detect the first set of photons following propagation into the fluid and emit signals in response thereto, and wherein the at least first photo-emitter and the at least first and second photo-detectors are in a known spatial arrangement; and
a processor operatively connected to the at least first and second photo-detectors for receiving the signals therefrom, for determining the scattering coefficient (S) of the first set of photons in the fluid based on the first set of photons detected by the photo-detectors, for determining the attenuation coefficient (α
) of the first set of photons detected by the photo-detectors, for determining the absorbance coefficient (K) of the first set of photons detected by the photo-detectors, using the attenuation coefficient (α
), and for determining an amount of a first constituent in the fluid for a determinable fractional volume of fluid per total tissue volume (Xb) based on the absorbance and scattering coefficients determined for the first set of photons.
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Abstract
A non-invasive method and apparatus utilizing a single wavelength (800 nm, isobestic) for the instantaneous, reflective, non-pulsatile spatially resolved reflectance system, apparatus and mathematics that allows for the correct determination of critical photo-optical parameters in vivo. Transcutaneous blood constituent (analyte or drug level) measurements can be determined in real-time. The “closed-form” nature of the mathematics allows for immediate calculations and real-time display of Hematocrit and other pertinent blood values in a variety of handheld or other like devices.
8 Citations
22 Claims
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1. Apparatus for non-invasively detecting at least a first constituent in a fluid while contained within tissue, the apparatus comprising:
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a photo-array including at least a first photo-emitter and at least first and second photo-detectors, wherein the first photo-emitter propagates a first set of photons in the tissue at a single, isobestic, first wavelength, and the at least first and second photo-detectors detect the first set of photons following propagation into the fluid and emit signals in response thereto, and wherein the at least first photo-emitter and the at least first and second photo-detectors are in a known spatial arrangement; and a processor operatively connected to the at least first and second photo-detectors for receiving the signals therefrom, for determining the scattering coefficient (S) of the first set of photons in the fluid based on the first set of photons detected by the photo-detectors, for determining the attenuation coefficient (α
) of the first set of photons detected by the photo-detectors, for determining the absorbance coefficient (K) of the first set of photons detected by the photo-detectors, using the attenuation coefficient (α
), and for determining an amount of a first constituent in the fluid for a determinable fractional volume of fluid per total tissue volume (Xb) based on the absorbance and scattering coefficients determined for the first set of photons. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. A method for non-invasively detecting at least a first constituent in blood while contained within animal body tissue, comprising the steps of:
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propagating at least a first set of photons in the tissue for transmission through or reflection by the blood and animal body tissue, wherein the first set of photons is propagated at a single, isobestic, first wavelength; detecting the transmitted or reflected photons; and determining the scattering coefficient (S) of the first set of photons in the fluid based on the first set of photons detected by the photo-detectors, determining the attenuation coefficient (α
) of the first set of photons detected by the photo-detectors, determining the absorbance coefficient (K) of the first set of photons detected by the photo-detectors, using the attenuation coefficient (α
), and determining an amount of a first constituent in the fluid for a determinable fractional volume of fluid per total tissue volume based on the absorbance and scattering coefficients determined for the first set of photons. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
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22. A computer program product for determining at least a first constituent in blood while contained within animal body tissue, using data generated by a non-invasive photo-array including at least a first photo-emitter and at least first and second photo-detectors, wherein the first photo-emitter non-invasively propagates a first set of photons in the tissue at a single, isobestic, first wavelength, and the at least first and second photo-detectors detect the first set of photons following propagation into the fluid and emit signals in response thereto, and wherein the at least first photo-emitter and the at least first and second photo-detectors are in a known spatial arrangement, the computer program product comprising a computer usable storage medium having computer readable program code means embodied in the medium, the computer readable program code means comprising:
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computer readable program code means for determining the scattering coefficient (S) of the first set of photons in the fluid based on the first set of photons detected by the photo-detectors, computer readable program code means for determining the attenuation coefficient (α
) of the first set of photons detected by the photo-detectors,computer readable program code means for determining the absorbance coefficient (K) of the first set of photons detected by the photo-detectors, using the attenuation coefficient (α
), andcomputer readable program code means for determining an amount of a first constituent in the fluid for a determinable fractional volume of fluid per total tissue volume based on the absorbance and scattering coefficients determined for the first set of photons.
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Specification