Nanostructures, Systems, and Methods for Photocatalysis
First Claim
1. A nanostructure, comprising:
- a first region comprising a first material that catalyzes the formation of O2 from water; and
a second region comprising a second material that catalyzes a reduction reaction,the first and second regions comprising semiconductors.
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Abstract
The present invention generally relates to nanostructures and compositions comprising nanostructures, methods of making and using the nanostructures, and related systems. In some embodiments, a nanostructure comprises a first region and a second region, wherein a first photocatalytic reaction (e.g., an oxidation reaction) can be carried out at the first region and a second photocatalytic reaction (e.g., a reduction reaction) can be carried out at the second region. In some cases, the first photocatalytic reaction is the formation of oxygen gas from water and the second photocatalytic reaction is the formation of hydrogen gas from water. In some embodiments, a nanostructure comprises at least one semiconductor material, and, in some cases, at least one catalytic material and/or at least one photosensitizing agent.
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Citations
43 Claims
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1. A nanostructure, comprising:
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a first region comprising a first material that catalyzes the formation of O2 from water; and a second region comprising a second material that catalyzes a reduction reaction, the first and second regions comprising semiconductors. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 32, 33, 39, 40)
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28. A nanostructure, comprising:
an iron oxide and comprising a first, n-type region and a second, p-type region. - View Dependent Claims (29, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 43)
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38. A method of forming a system, comprising:
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providing a semiconductor substrate; exposing the semiconductor substrate to a solution comprising at least one metal ionic species and an anionic species; and exposing the semiconductor substrate to electromagnetic radiation so as to form a first surface-presenting catalytic material comprising a reduced metal species in a first region and a second surface presenting catalytic material comprising an oxidized metal species in a second region.
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41. A composition comprising a catalytic material that catalyzes the production of H2 from water in the presence of O2;
the catalytic material being capable of catalyzing the production of H2 at a current density at least 1000 times greater than the current density for the reduction of O2 at the catalytic material, at overpotentials less negative than −
400 mV for the production of H2 from water.- View Dependent Claims (42)
Specification