CURRENT MODE BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER

• US 20120274295A1
• Filed: 01/20/2012
• Published: 11/01/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 04/29/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Nanjing Silergy Semiconductor (Hong Kong) Technology Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Energy Pass Incorporation
• Inventors: LIN, CHING LONG, LIN, MING-WEI, TSU, ROBERT YUNG-HIS, CHEN, KE-HORNG, LEE, YU-HUEI, WANG, SHIH-WEI, WU, WEI-CHAN, HUANG, PING-CHING
• Granted Patent: US 8,912,769 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 323/282
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1582 Buck-boost converters H02M3/1584 takes precedence

Abstract

A current mode buck-boost converter has an input terminal, an output terminal, and an output capacitor coupled to the output terminal. The input terminal is used to receive an input voltage, and the output terminal is for producing the output voltage. The current mode buck-boost converter comprises a voltage converter and a control circuit. The voltage converter comprises an inductor. The control circuit is for detecting the current passing through the inductor to determine the electric energy transmitted to the output terminal by the voltage converter. Accordingly, the current mode buck-boost converter has fast response, and the electrical energy can be recycled and stored to the voltage source when the current mode buck-boost converter operates in down-tracking process.

Claims

1. A current mode buck-boost converter, having an input terminal, an output terminal and an output capacitor coupled to the output terminal, the input terminal being used to receive an input voltage, the output terminal being used to generate an output voltage, the current mode buck-boost converter comprising:

a voltage converter comprising an inductor; and

a control circuit for detecting a current passing through the inductor to determine an electrical energy transmitted to the output terminal by the voltage converter.

2. The current mode buck-boost converter according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit comprises:

a first switch coupled to the input terminal and a first terminal of the inductor; and

a second switch coupled to the output terminal and a second terminal of the inductor;

wherein the control circuit controls the first switch and the second switch according to a system controlling voltage to raise the output voltage from a standby voltage to an operating voltage or reduce the output voltage from the operating voltage to the standby voltage, wherein the standby voltage is lower than the input voltage, and the operating voltage is higher than the input voltage, and the system controlling voltage is used to indicate a load power requirement.

3. The current mode buck-boost converter according to claim 2, wherein when the output voltage is changed form the standby voltage to the operating voltage, the control circuit executes a up-tracking process, the up-tracking process comprising:

operating the voltage converter in a buck mode and turning on the first switch so as to directly charge the output capacitor with the input voltage until the output voltage is higher than the input voltage; and

operating the voltage converter in a boost mode and turning off the first switch and the second switch for increasing the output voltage to the operating voltage when the output voltage is higher than the input voltage.

4. The current mode buck-boost converter according to claim 2, wherein the control circuit further comprises:

a third switch coupled between the first terminal of the inductor and a grounding terminal; and

a fourth switch coupled between the second terminal of the inductor and the grounding terminal;

wherein when the output voltage decreases from the operating voltage to the standby voltage, the control circuit executes a down-tracking process, the down-tracking process comprising;

turning on the first switch and the second switch for transmitting an electrical energy stored in the output capacitor to the input terminal and controlling the third switch so that an electrical energy stored in the inductor is discharged into the input terminal until the output voltage is lower than the input voltage; and

controlling the fourth switch so that the inductor is charged with the output voltage and the electrical energy is transmitted to the output terminal until the output voltage reaching the standby voltage when the output voltage is lower than the input voltage.

5. The current mode buck-boost converter according to claim 2, wherein the voltage converter comprises:

a third switch coupled between the input terminal and the first terminal of the inductor;

a fourth switch coupled between the first terminal of the inductor and a grounding terminal;

a fifth switch coupled between the second terminal of the inductor and the grounding terminal; and

a sixth switch coupled between the second terminal of the inductor and the output terminal.

6. The current mode buck-boost converter according to claim 5, wherein the control circuit further comprises:

a control unit for controlling the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch and the sixth switch, wherein the control unit determines whether the voltage converter operates in a boost mode or a buck mode according to the voltage across the two terminals of the inductor, the control unit adjusts a first controlling signal corresponding to the buck mode and a second controlling signal corresponding to the boost mode according to the operation mode of the voltage converter and the output voltage.

7. The current mode buck-boost converter according to claim 6, wherein the control unit controls the third switch and the fourth switch according to the first controlling signal, and controls the fifth switch and the sixth switch according to the second controlling signal.

8. The current mode buck-boost converter according to claim 6, wherein the control unit detects the current passing through the inductor to generate a current signal according to the voltage across two terminals of the inductor, and the control unit generates a summing signal according to the current signal and a ramp compensation signal,

wherein when the voltage converter operates in the buck mode, the control unit adjusts the duty-cycle of the first controlling signal according to a peak value of the summing signal;

when the voltage converter operates in the boost mode, the control unit adjusts the duty-cycle of the second controlling signal according to a valley value of the summing signal.

9. The current mode buck-boost converter according to claim 7, wherein when the current mode buck-boost converter operates in the buck mode and a duty-cycle of the first controlling signal is larger than a first predetermined value, the control unit extends the turn-ontime of the third switch to extend a charging time of the inductor, and the voltage converter is switched from the buck mode to the boost mode;

when the current mode buck-boost converter operates in the boost mode and a duty-cycle of the second controlling signal is less than a second predetermined value, the control unit extends the turn-off time of the fifth switch to extend a discharging time of the inductor, and the voltage converter is switched from the boost mode to the buck mode.

10. The current mode buck-boost converter according to claim 6, wherein the control unit comprises:

a mode detector for generating a mode signal to indicate whether the current mode buck-boost converter operates in the boost mode or the buck mode according to voltages of the two terminals of the inductor;

a current sensing circuit coupled to the two terminals of the inductor and the mode detector for generating a current signal corresponding to the current passing through the inductor;

a feedback circuit coupled to the output terminal for generating a feedback signal according to the output voltage and a system controlling voltage, wherein the system controlling voltage is used to indicate a load power requirement;

a compensation circuit for generating a boost compensating current and a buck compensating current;

a decision circuit for generating a summing signal according to the current signal, the boost compensating current, and the buck compensating current, and generating the first controlling signal and the second controlling signal according to the summing signal and the feedback signal; and

a driving circuit for controlling the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch and the sixth switch according to the first controlling signal, the second controlling signal, the mode signal, and the feedback signal.

11. The current mode buck-boost converter according to claim 10, wherein the control unit further comprises:

a maximal power selector coupled to the driving circuit for selecting a larger power between the input voltage and the output voltage for powering the driving circuit.

12. The current mode buck-boost converter according to claim 10, wherein the mode detector generates the mode signal according to the mode signal, the voltage at the control terminal of the third switch, the voltage at the control terminal of the sixth switch, and the mode detector determines whether the current buck-boost converter operates in the buck mode or the boost mode according to the mode signal.

13. The current mode buck-boost converter according to claim 10, wherein the feedback circuit comprises:

a first resistor having a first terminal coupled to the output terminal;

a second resistor having a first terminal coupled to a second terminal of the first resistor and having a second terminal coupled to the grounding terminal; and

a control resistor having a first terminal coupled to a second terminal of the first resistor and the first terminal of the second resistor, and having a second terminal for receiving the system controlling voltage;

a first feedback amplifier for receiving a divided voltage between the first resistor and the second resistor and a reference voltage, and outputting the feedback signal to the decision circuit; and

a second feedback amplifier for receiving the divided voltage between the first resistor and the second resistor and receiving the reference voltage, and outputting the feedback signal to the driving circuit.

14. The current mode buck-boost converter according to claim 13, wherein the feedback circuit further comprises:

a dual-mode compensator for adjusting the feedback signal from the first feedback amplifier to modify a closed-loop bandwidth of the current mode buck-boost converter.

15. The current mode buck-boost converter according to claim 10, wherein the control unit further comprises:

a clock generator for generating an operation clock transmitted to the mode detector, the driving circuit, the current sensing circuit, and the compensation circuit.

16. A direct current voltage converting method, adapted to convert an electrical energy of a voltage source and transmit the electrical energy to an output terminal by a voltage converter, the method comprising:

providing the voltage source coupled to the voltage converter;

detecting a current passing through an inductor of the voltage converter; and

determining a magnitude of the converted electrical energy transmitted to the output terminal by the voltage converter according to the detected current.

17. The direct current voltage converting method according to claim 16, wherein the step of determining the magnitude of the converted electrical energy transmitted to the output terminal by the voltage converter according to the detected current comprises:

increasing a voltage at the output terminal from a standby voltage to a operating voltage or reducing the voltage at the output terminal from the operating voltage to the standby voltage according to a control voltage, wherein the control voltage indicates a load power requirement.

18. The direct current voltage converting method according to claim 17, wherein the step of increasing the voltage at the output terminal from the standby voltage to the operating voltage comprises:

operating the voltage converter in a buck mode so as to directly charge a capacitor coupled to the output terminal with an input voltage until an output voltage is higher than an input voltage; and

operating the voltage converter in a boost mode and to continue increasing the output voltage to the operating voltage when the output voltage is higher than the input voltage.

19. The direct current voltage converting method according to claim 17, wherein the step of reducing the voltage at the output terminal from the operating voltage to the standby voltage comprises:

transmitting an electrical energy stored in the output capacitor to an input terminal so as to make an electrical energy stored in the inductor be discharged into the input terminal until the output voltage reaching the standby voltage; and

charging the inductor with the output voltage and transmitting the electrical energy to the output terminal so as to make the output voltage reaching the standby voltage when the output voltage is lower than the input voltage.