GENERATING PATIENT SPECIFIC INSTRUMENTS FOR USE AS SURGICAL AIDS

• US 20120290272A1
• Filed: 05/10/2012
• Published: 11/15/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 05/11/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cleveland Clinic Foundation
• Original Assignee: Cleveland Clinic Foundation
• Inventors: Bryan, Jason A.
• Granted Patent: US 10,130,378 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 703/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1684 for the shoulder
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1778 for the shoulder
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/568 produced with shape and dimensions specific for an individual patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/102 Modelling of surgical devices, implants or prosthesis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/108 Computer aided selection or customisation of medical implants or cutting guides
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/10 Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/4081 Glenoid components, e.g. cups
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 80/00 Products made by additive manufacturing

Abstract

Systems and methods are provided for generating patient specific instruments for use as surgical guides. A region of interest within a body of a patient is scanned to provide a three-dimensional model of the region of interest. A first user is allowed to position a model of a selected implant with the three-dimensional model of the region of interest via a graphical user interface. A patient specific instrument model is generated from a generic patient specific instrument model according to the position of the model of the selected implant within the three-dimensional model of the region of interest and the position of at least one extension of the model that is not visible to the first user. A patient specific instrument is fabricated according to the patient specific instrument model.

Claims

1. A non-transitory computer readable storing machine readable instructions for generating a patient specific instrument (PSI) for use as a surgical guide, the machine readable instructions comprising:

a region modeling component configured to provide a three-dimensional model of a region of interest within a body from at least one imaging scan of the region of interest;

a surgical planning component configured to display a model of a selected implant and the three-dimensional model of the region of interest to a first user and allow the first user to position the model of the selected implant within the three-dimensional model of the region of interest, the model of the selected implant having at least one hidden attribute that is not visible to the first user; and

a PSI design component configured to provide a patient specific instrument model from a generic PSI model according to the position of the model of the selected implant within the three-dimensional model of the region of interest and the at least one hidden attribute.

2. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, each of the model of the selected implant, the model of the region of interest, and the generic PSI model comprising a model, and the PSI design component being configured to provide the patient specific instrument model as a series of geometry processing operations on the model of the selected implant, the model of the region of interest, and the generic PSI model.

3. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, each of the model of the selected implant and the generic PSI model comprising a model and the at least one hidden attribute comprising a model extension on the model of the selected implant, the PSI design component being configured to provide the patient specific instrument model as a series of geometry processing operations on the at least one hidden attribute and the generic PSI model.

4. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 3, the at least one hidden attribute comprising an extension of the model of the selected implant representing at least one guide structure in the patient specific instrument model for maintaining one of the selected implant and an instrument associated with the selected implant in a desired orientation relative to the region of interest.

5. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 4, the guide structure representing one of a drill hole, a guide hole for insertion of other structures, a cutting slot, a protrusion, a bridge, and a label.

6. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, the PSI design component further configured to select a portion of a surface within the region of interest and extrude the surface in a determined direction to provide the generic PSI model.

7. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the region of interest is a shoulder joint and the region modeling component configured to provide a three-dimensional model of at least one bone within the shoulder joint.

8. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the region modeling component is configured to modify the three-dimensional model of the region of interest to eliminate any underhanging features on a portion of the three-dimensional model of the region of interest representing a bone.

9. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the at least one hidden attribute comprises a first attribute that is visible to a second user.

10. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the at least one hidden attribute comprises a second attribute that is not visible to either of the first user and the second user.

11. A computer-implemented method for generating a patient specific instrument (PSI) for use as a surgical guide comprising:

scanning a region of interest within a body of a patient to provide a three-dimensional model of the region of interest;

allowing a first user to position a model of a selected implant with the three-dimensional model of the region of interest via a graphical user interface;

generating a patient specific instrument model from a generic PSI model according to the position of the model of the selected implant within the three-dimensional model of the region of interest and the position of at least one extension of the model of the selected implant, wherein a first extension of the at least one extension of the model is not visible to the first user; and

fabricating the patient specific instrument according to the patient specific instrument model.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein generating a patient specific instrument model from a generic PSI model comprises performing a series of geometry processing operations on the model of the selected implant, the at least one extension of the model of the selected implant, the three-dimensional model of the region of interest, and the generic PSI model.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the series of geometry processing operations comprises subtracting a portion of intersection between the three-dimensional model of the region of interest and the generic PSI model from the generic PSI model such that a first surface of the generic PSI model is contoured to a portion of a surface of the three-dimensional model of the region of interest.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the series of geometry processing operations comprises subtracting a portion of intersection between an extension of the at least one extension of the model of the selected implant and the generic PSI model from the generic PSI model as to form at least one guide structure in the generic PSI model.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the at least one extension comprises a guide structure that is not visible to the first user, and performing the series of geometry processing operations comprises taking the union of an extension of the at least one extension and the generic PSI model as to add a guide structure to the generic PSI model.

16. The method of claim 12, applying a parameterized transform operation to at least a portion of the generic PSI model to produce a desired deformation in the generic PSI model.

17. The method of claim 11, further comprising generating one of the model of a selected implant and the generic PSI model as a specific instance, represented by an appropriate set of parameters, of an implicitly defined model.

18. The method of claim 11, further comprising modifying the three-dimensional model of the region of interest to eliminate features on a portion of the three-dimensional model of the region of interest expected to interfere with the engagement of the model with the region of interest.

19. The method of claim 11, further comprising allowing a second user to configure the generic PSI model to alter at least one of the size and the shape of the generic PSI model.

20. The method of claim 11, further comprising allowing a second user to configure the model of the selected implant to alter one of the size and position of a first extension of the at least one extension of the model of the selected implant.

21. The method of claim 11, wherein generating a patient specific instrument model from a generic PSI model comprises executing a script in an associated script language.

22. A system for generating a patient specific instrument (PSI) for use as a surgical guide comprising:

a non-transitory computer readable storing machine readable instructions for performing a method comprising the steps of;

allowing a first user to position a model of a selected implant with the three-dimensional model of the region of interest;

allowing a second user to alter a first attribute of the model of the selected implant that is not visible to the first user; and

generating a patient specific instrument model from a generic PSI model according to the positioning of the model of the selected implant by the first user, the alteration of the first attribute by the second user and a second attribute that is not visible to the first user or the second user; and

a processor configured to execute the machine readable instructions.