OXIDATION CATALYSTS FOR ENGINES PRODUCING LOW TEMPERATURE EXHAUST STREAMS

• US 20120291420A1
• Filed: 05/19/2011
• Published: 11/22/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 05/19/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Inventors: Kim, Chang H., Oh, Se H., Li, Wei, Heo, Iljeong, Schmid, Michelle H.
• Granted Patent: US 8,479,493 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 60/274
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2255/1021 Platinum
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2255/1023 Palladium
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2255/106 Gold
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2255/2065 Cerium
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2255/20715 Zirconium
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2255/20761 Copper
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2255/407 Zr-Ce mixed oxides
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2255/9022 Two layers
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2255/9032 Two zones
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/944 Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts three-way-catalysts [TWC] B01D53/9445
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/002 Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/38 of noble metals
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/42 Platinum
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/44 Palladium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/462 Ruthenium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/464 Rhodium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/466 Osmium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/468 Iridium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/52 Gold
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/83 with rare earths or actinides
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/894 : with rare earths or actinides
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/00 : Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/17 : Copper
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/3712 : Cerium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2523/48 : Zirconium
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 35/19 : Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 35/30 : characterised by their physical properties
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 35/31 : Density
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 35/56 : Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 35/613 : 10-100 m2/g
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 35/633 : less than 0.5 ml/g
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 37/0201 : Impregnation
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 37/0244 : Coatings comprising several layers
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 37/0248 : Coatings comprising impregnated particles
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 37/031 : Precipitation
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2510/0682 : having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 2510/0684 : having more than one coating layer, e.g. multi-layered coatings
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/103 : Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 50/20 : Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Abstract

The oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) in an oxygen-containing gas stream, such as the exhaust stream from a diesel engine, or other lean-burn engine, may be catalyzed using a combination of mixed oxide particles of cerium, zirconium and copper, and discrete particles of an alumina-supported platinum group metal catalyst. The catalyzed oxidation of CO and HC by this combination of oxidation catalyst particles is effective at temperatures below 300° C.

Claims

1. A method of oxidizing carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) in an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine;

the method comprising;

operating an internal combustion engine to burn a mixture of air and fuel in which a fuel content in the mixture is lean with respect to the stoichiometric air-to-fuel mass ratio, the engine producing an exhaust gas stream having a temperature that is often below 300 degrees Celsius;

passing the exhaust gas stream in contact with an oxidation catalyst for a period of time sufficient to oxidize substantially all of the CO to carbon dioxide (CO₂) and at least a portion of the HC to CO₂ and water;

the oxidation catalyst being dispersed on channel walls of a flow-through support body as a washcoat comprising (i) a mixed oxide layer consisting essentially of particles of co-precipitated mixed oxides of cerium, zirconium, and copper (CeZrCuO₂) and (ii) a discrete PGM layer consisting essentially of particles of at least one platinum group metal dispersed on particles of aluminum oxide (PGM/Al₂O₃), the layers of the washcoat being arranged such that a portion of the CO present in the exhaust gas stream is oxidized before the exhaust gas stream contacts the particles of PGM/Al₂O₃.

2. A method of oxidizing as recited in claim 1 in which the exhaust gas stream from the engine is often below 200 degrees Celsius.

3. A method of oxidizing as recited in claim 1 in which the exhaust gas stream comprises at least 500 ppm each of CO and HC.

4. A method of oxidizing as recited in claim 1 in which the mixed oxide layer comprises a metal component consisting essentially of elements of cerium (Ce), zirconium (Zr), and copper (Cu), and the metal component comprises, by mole, about 30 to 70% Ce, about 30 to 70% Zr, and the balance Cu.

5. A method of oxidizing as recited in claim 1 in which the mixed oxide layer comprises a metal component consisting essentially of elements of cerium (Ce), zirconium (Zr), and copper (Cu), and the metal component comprises, by mole, about 60% Ce, about 15% Zr, and about 25% Cu.

6. A method of oxidizing as recited in claim 1 in which the PGM layer is dispersed on the channels walls from an inlet face to an outlet face of the support body, and, thereafter, the mixed oxide layer is dispersed on the channel walls so that the mixed oxide layer overlies the PGM layer on the channel walls of the flow-through support body.

7. A method of oxidizing as recited in claim 1 in which the mixed oxide layer is dispersed on a first portion of the channel walls near an inlet face of the flow-through support body, and the PGM layer is dispersed on a second portion of the channel walls near an outlet face of the flow-through support body.

8. A method of oxidizing as recited in claim 1 in which the at least one platinum group metal consists of at least one of ruthenium, platinum, palladium, rhodium, osmium, and iridium.

9. A method of oxidizing as recited in claim 1 in which the at least one platinum group metal comprises a combination of platinum and palladium, and the mass ratio of platinum to palladium in the PGM layer is about 7 to 1.

10. A method of oxidizing as recited in claim 1 in which the at least one platinum group metal is a combination of gold and palladium, and the mass ratio of gold to palladium in the layered oxidation catalyst is about 1 to 1.

11. A method of oxidizing as recited in claim 1 in which the particles of co-precipitated mixed oxides of cerium, zirconium, and copper have a one-phase crystalline structure.

12. A method of oxidizing as recited in claim 1 in which the support body is of an extruded cordierite material and has a uniform cylindrical cross-section with inlet and outlet faces transverse to a flow direction of the exhaust gas stream, comprising at least 400 channels per square inch of inlet face cross-sectional area, and being sized to promote the oxidation of CO and HC in the exhaust gas stream flowing through the support body.