ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES INCLUDING A SOLID MULTILAYER ELECTROLYTE

• US 20120320497A1
• Filed: 07/09/2012
• Published: 12/20/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 01/09/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Dais Analytic Corporation
• Original Assignee: Dais Analytic Corporation
• Inventors: Ehrenberg, Scott G.
• Granted Patent: US 9,013,155 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 361/525
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/30 characterised by their material
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/32 Carbon-based
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/56 Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/13 Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

Energy storage devices that include a solid multilayer electrolyte are provided. In certain embodiments, the energy storage devices disclosed herein can exhibit behavior analogous to an electrochemical battery at lower voltages, but can transition to electrostatic capacitor behavior as voltages rise. The energy storage devices, methods, and systems disclosed herein can preferably be advantageous by providing a large total energy storage capacity.

Claims

1-32. -32. (canceled)

33. An at least partially charged energy storage device comprising:

an anode;

a solid multilayer dielectric comprising alternating layers of one or more cationically polarized polymer layers and one or more anionically polarized polymer layers, wherein at least one cationically polarized polymer layer comprises a plurality of chemically bound positive ions, and at least one anionically polarized polymer layer comprises a plurality of chemically bound negative ions; and

a cathode,

wherein at least one cationically polarized polymer layer is adjacent the cathode and at least one anionically polarized polymer layer is adjacent the anode.

34. The device of claim 33 wherein the at least partially charged storage device has a stored potential of at least 1 volt.

36. A method of storing energy, the method comprising:

providing an at least partially charged energy storage device according to claim 33; and

applying a field negatively polarized with respect to the cathode and positively polarized with respect to the anode under conditions sufficient to electrostatically store charge on surfaces of the electrodes.

37. The method of claim 36 wherein conditions sufficient to store a charge on surfaces of the electrodes comprise applying a field having a potential of greater than 1 volt direct current.

38. The method of claim 36 wherein conditions sufficient to store a charge on surfaces of the electrodes comprise applying a field having a potential of no greater than the breakdown voltage of the dielectric.

40. A system for storing and discharging energy, the system comprising:

one or more at least partially charged energy storage devices according to claim 33;

a means for applying a field negatively polarized with respect to the cathode and positively polarized with respect to the anode under conditions sufficient to electrostatically store charge on surfaces of the electrodes; and

a means for discharging energy from electrostatically stored charge on surfaces of the electrodes.

39. An at least partially charged energy storage device comprising:

an anode;

a solid multilayer dielectric having a permittivity of at least 8,000; and

a cathode.

41. A method of making a solid multilayer electrolyte, the method comprising roll laminating alternating layers of anionic exchange polymer electrolyte and cationic exchange polymer electrolyte.

42. A method of making an energy storage device, the method comprising providing a solid multilayer electrolyte between an anode and a cathode.

43-45. -45. (canceled)

46. An energy storage device comprising:

an anode;

a solid multilayer electrolyte comprising a plurality of layers comprising anionic exchange polymer electrolyte layers and cationic exchange polymer electrolyte layers, wherein at least one anionic exchange polymer electrolyte layer comprises a polymer having a plurality of chemically bound positive ions and a plurality of electrostatically bound negative ions, and at least one cationic exchange polymer electrolyte layer comprises a polymer having a plurality of chemically bound negative ions and a plurality of electrostatically bound positive ions; and

a cathode.

47. The device of claim 46 wherein the solid multilayer electrolyte comprises comprises alternating anionic exchange polymer electrolyte layers and cationic exchange polymer electrolyte layers, wherein at least one of the anionic exchange polymer electrolyte layers is adjacent the cathode and at least one of the cationic exchange polymer electrolyte layers is adjacent the anode.

48. The device of claim 46 wherein the anode, the cathode, or both comprise a porous metal or carbon plate.

49. The device of claim 46 wherein the anode comprises an anionic exchange polymer electrolyte and a plurality of graphite nanoparticles.

50. The device of claim 46 wherein the cathode comprises a cationic exchange polymer electrolyte and a plurality of graphite nanoparticles.

51. The device of claim 46 wherein at least one of the anionic exchange polymer electrolyte layers comprises a chloride anionic exchange polymer, and wherein at least one of the cationic exchange polymer electrolyte layers comprises a hydrogen ion cationic exchange polymer.

52. The device of claim 51 further comprising a vacuum source configured to remove gases formed at one or more of the electrodes.

53. The device of claim 46 further comprising a non-electrically conductive polydimethylsiloxane dielectric oil at least partially within the solid multilayer electrolyte.

54. The device of claim 46 wherein the device is configured to be initially charged to store energy in an electrochemical mode, and wherein the device is configured to be further charged to store energy in an electrostatic mode.

55. A method of storing energy, the method comprising:

providing an energy storage device according to claim 46;

applying a field negatively polarized with respect to the cathode and positively polarized with respect to the anode under conditions sufficient to cause substantially all the electrostatically bound positive ions to migrate and be reduced and deposited on the cathode, and substantially all the electrostatically bound negative ions to migrate and be oxidized and deposited on the anode, wherein the residual chemically bound positive ions on the one or more anionic exchange polymer electrolyte layers and the residual chemically bound negative ions on the one or more cationic exchange polymer electrolyte layers form a solid multilayer dielectric comprising alternating polarized polymer layers; and

further applying a field negatively polarized with respect to the cathode and positively polarized with respect to the anode under conditions sufficient to electrostatically store charge on surfaces of the electrodes.

56. The method of claim 55 wherein conditions sufficient to form the solid multilayer dielectric comprising alternating polarized polymer layers comprise applying a field having a potential of at least 1 volt direct current.

57. The method of claim 55 wherein conditions sufficient to store charge on surfaces of the electrodes comprise applying a field having a potential of greater than 1 volt direct current.

58. The method of claim 55 wherein conditions sufficient to store charge on surfaces of the electrodes comprise applying a field having a potential of no greater than the breakdown voltage of the dielectric.

59. A method of storing energy, the method comprising:

providing an energy storage device according to claim 51;

applying a field negatively polarized with respect to the cathode and positively polarized with respect to the anode under conditions sufficient to cause substantially all the electrostatically bound positive ions to migrate and be reduced at the cathode and removed as gas, and substantially all the electrostatically bound negative ions to migrate and be oxidized at the anode and removed as gas, wherein the residual chemically bound positive ions on the one or more anionic exchange polymer electrolyte layers and the residual chemically bound negative ions on the one or more cationic exchange polymer electrolyte layers form a solid multilayer dielectric comprising alternating polarized polymer layers; and

further applying a field negatively polarized with respect to the cathode and positively polarized with respect to the anode under conditions sufficient to electrostatically store charge on surfaces of the electrodes.

60. The method of claim 59 wherein the gases formed from the reduction of the electrostatically bound positive ions and the oxidation of the electrostatically bound negative ions are removed under vacuum.

61. A cell comprising an energy storage device according to claim 46.

62. A cell pack comprising two or more energy storage devices according to claim 46.