NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS, METHODS, AND APPLICATIONS

• US 20120328905A1
• Filed: 09/06/2012
• Published: 12/27/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 09/29/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: University of Rochester
• Original Assignee: University of Rochester
• Inventors: Guo, Chunlei, Vorobyev, Anatoliy Y.
• Granted Patent: US 10,876,193 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 428/687
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 2103/08 Non-ferrous metals or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 2103/10 Aluminium or alloys thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 2103/12 Copper or alloys thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 2103/14 Titanium or alloys thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 2103/16 Composite materials , e.g. fibre reinforced
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 2103/42 Plastics B23K2103/16 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 2103/50 Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 2103/52 Ceramics
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 2103/56 semiconducting
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 26/0006 taking account of the properties of the material involved B23K26/32, B23K26/40 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 26/0624 using ultrashort pulses, i.e. pulses of 1ns or less
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 26/355 Texturing
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 40/00 Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
• CPC Class Codes: C21D 1/09 by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
• CPC Class Codes: C21D 8/0294 involving a localised treatment
• CPC Class Codes: C22F 3/00 Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/12993 Surface feature [e.g., rough, mirror]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24355 Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]

Abstract

Methods for making a material superwicking and/or superwetting (superhydrophyllic) involving creating one or more indentations in the surface of the material that have a micro-rough surface of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, or other irregularly shaped features having heights and/or widths on the order of 0.5 to 100 microns and the micro-rough surface having a nano-rough surface of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features having heights and/or widths on the order of 1 to 500 nanometers. Superwicking and/or superwetting materials having micro-rough and nano-rough surface indentations, including metals, glass, enamel, polymers, semiconductors, and others.

Claims

1. A method for making a non-superhydrophyllic material superhydrophilic (superwetting), comprising the steps of:

a) providing a non-superhydrophilic material having at least one of a smooth, a roughened, and a pre-structured surface; and

b) processing the surface region of the material using an energy flux comprising at least one of one or more pulses from a suitable energy source and continuous radiation from a continuous energy source, further comprising;

i) creating one or more indentations in the surface, wherein said one or more indentations have a micro-rough surface comprising at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features having heights and/or widths on the order of 0.5 to 100 microns,

 

further wherein the micro-rough surface has a nano-rough surface comprising at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, grooves, and other irregularly shaped features having heights and/or widths on the order of 1 to 500 nanometers.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) further comprises providing a metal material.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) further comprises providing a glass material.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) further comprises providing a dielectric material.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) further comprises providing a semiconductor material.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) further comprises providing a polymer material.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) further comprises providing a dentin material.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) further comprises providing an enamel material.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) further comprises providing a material comprising hydroxyapatite.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein step (b)(i) further comprises creating one or more discrete, adjacent indentations each having a maximum surface dimension between about 0.1 μ

m to 5 cm.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising creating a plurality of the discrete, adjacent indentations in a selected pattern.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein step (b)(i) further comprises creating one or more immediately adjacent indentations each having a maximum surface dimension between about 0.1 μ

m to 5 cm.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising creating a plurality of the immediately adjacent indentations in a selected pattern.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein at least some of the plurality of the immediately adjacent indentations are overlapping.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein step (b)(i) further comprises creating one or more grooves each having a width from 10 nm to 5 mm and a depth from 10 nm to 5 mm.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising creating the one or more grooves in a desired pattern.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising creating a two-dimensional array of grooves.

18. The method of claim 16, further comprising creating the one or more grooves in straight lines.

19. The method of claim 15, further comprising creating a plurality of the grooves characterized by a periodicity from 10 nm to 10 cm.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the material is metal, wherein the grooves have a periodicity from 10 nm to 10 cm, a width from 10 nm to 5 mm, and a depth from 10 nm to 5 mm.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the grooves have a periodicity 100+5 μ

m, a width of 100±

5 μ

m, and a depth of 75±

5 μ

m,

further wherein the micro-rough surface comprises at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 0.5 to 10 microns, further wherein the micro-rough surface has a nano-rough surface comprising at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 5 to 500 nanometers.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the material is glass and the grooves have a periodicity from 10 nm to 10 cm, a width from 10 nm to 5 mm, and a depth from 10 nm to 5 mm.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the grooves have a periodicity of 100±

5 μ

m, a width of 100±

5 μ

m, and a depth of 40±

5 μ

m,

further wherein the micro-rough surface comprises at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 0.5 to 10 microns, further wherein the micro-rough surface has a nano-rough surface comprising at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 5 to 500 nanometers.

24. The method of claim 19, wherein the material is dentin and the grooves have a periodicity from 10 nm to 2 mm, a width from 10 nm to 2 mm, and a depth from 10 nm to 2 mm.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the grooves have a periodicity of 95±

5 μ

m, a width of 95±

5 μ

m, and a depth of 100±

5 μ

m,

further wherein the micro-rough surface comprises at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 0.5 to 10 microns, further wherein the micro-rough surface has a nano-rough surface comprising at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 5 to 500 nanometers.

26. The method of claim 19, wherein the material is enamel and the grooves have a periodicity from 10 nm to 2 mm, a width from 10 nm to 2 mm, and a depth from 10 nm to 2 mm.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the grooves have a periodicity of 100±

5 μ

m, a width of 100±

5 μ

m, and a depth of 120±

5 μ

m,

further wherein the micro-rough surface comprises at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 0.5 to 10 microns, further wherein the micro-rough surface has a nano-rough surface comprising at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 5 to 500 nanometers.

28. The method of claim 1, wherein the processing step is selected from at least one of direct laser ablation, interferometric laser ablation, near-field laser ablation, a mask projection ablation technique, laser-assisted chemical etching, deposition from a laser ablation plume, plasmonic nanoablation, through a self-assembled microlens array formed by deposition of glass microspheres on the material surface.

29. A material, comprising:

an initially non-superhydrophilic material having at least one of a smooth, a roughened, and a pre-structured surface; and

one or more indentations in the surface, wherein said one or more indentations have a micro-rough surface comprising at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 0.5 to 100 microns,

further wherein the micro-rough surface has a nano-rough surface comprising at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, grooves, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 1 to 500 nanometers.

30. The material of claim 29, wherein the material is a metal material.

31. The material of claim 29, wherein the material is a glass material.

32. The material of claim 29, wherein the material is a dentin material.

33. The material of claim 29, wherein the material is a dielectric material.

34. The material of claim 29, wherein the material is a semiconductor material.

35. The material of claim 29, wherein the material is a polymer material.

36. The material of claim 29, wherein the material is an enamel material.

37. The material of claim 29, wherein the material comprises hydroxyapatite.

38. The material of claim 29, wherein the one or more indentations further comprises one or more discrete, adjacent indentations each having a maximum surface dimension between about 0.1 μ

m to 5 cm.

39. The material of claim 38, wherein the one or more adjacent indentations are disposed in a selected pattern.

40. The material of claim 29, wherein the one or more indentations further comprises one or more immediately adjacent indentations each having a maximum surface dimension between about 0.1 μ

m to 5 cm.

41. The material of claim 40, wherein the one or more immediately adjacent indentations are disposed in a selected pattern.

42. The material of claim 41, wherein at least some of the plurality of the immediately adjacent indentations are overlapping.

43. The material of claim 29, wherein the one or more indentations are grooves each having a width from 10 nm to 5 mm and a depth from 10 nm to 5 mm.

44. The material of claim 43, wherein the grooves are disposed in a two-dimensional array.

45. The material of claim 43, wherein the one or more grooves are disposed in straight lines.

46. The material of claim 44, wherein plurality of the grooves are characterized by a periodicity from 10 nm to 10 cm.

47. The material of claim 43, wherein the material is metal, wherein the grooves have a periodicity from 10 nm to 10 cm, a width from 10 nm to 5 mm, and a depth from 10 nm to 5 mm.

48. The material of claim 45, wherein the grooves have a periodicity of 100+5 μ

m, a width of 100+5 μ

m, and a depth of 75+5 μ

m,

further wherein the micro-rough surface comprises at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 0.5 to 10 microns, further wherein the micro-rough surface has a nano-rough surface comprising at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 5 to 500 nanometers.

49. The material of claim 43, wherein the material is glass and the grooves have a periodicity from 10 nm to 10 cm, a width from 10 nm to 5 mm, and a depth from 10 nm to 5 mm.

50. The material of claim 49, wherein the grooves have a periodicity of 100+5 μ

m, a width of 100+5 μ

m, and a depth of 40+5 μ

m,

further wherein the micro-rough surface comprises at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 0.5 to 10 microns, further wherein the micro-rough surface has a nano-rough surface comprising at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 5 to 500 nanometers.

51. The material of claim 43, wherein the material is dentin and the grooves have a periodicity from 10 nm to 2 mm, a width from 10 nm to 2 mm, and a depth from 10 nm to 2 mm.

52. The material of claim 51, wherein the grooves have a periodicity of 95+5 μ

m, a width of 95+5 μ

m, and a depth of 100+5 μ

m,

further wherein the micro-rough surface comprises at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 0.5 to 10 microns, further wherein the micro-rough surface has a nano-rough surface comprising at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 5 to 500 nanometers.

53. The material of claim 43, wherein the material is enamel and the grooves have a periodicity from 10 nm to 2 mm, a width from 10 nm to 2 mm, and a depth from 10 nm to 2 mm.

54. The material of claim 53, wherein the grooves have a periodicity of 100+5 μ

m, a width of 100+5 μ

m, and a depth of 120+5 μ

m,

further wherein the micro-rough surface comprises at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 0.5 to 10 microns, further wherein the micro-rough surface has a nano-rough surface comprising at least one of protrusions, cavities, spheres, rods, and other irregularly shaped features on the order of 5 to 500 nanometers.