WORKING VEHICLE WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKE

• US 20130015005A1
• Filed: 07/10/2012
• Published: 01/17/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 07/12/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Kanzaki Kokyukoki Mfg. Co., Ltd. (Yanmar Holdings Co., Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Kanzaki Kokyukoki Mfg. Co., Ltd. (Yanmar Holdings Co., Ltd.)
• Inventors: KOGA, Kazunari, SASAHARA, Kengo, WANG, Hongkun, MATSUURA, Jun, ISHINO, Fumitoshi
• Granted Patent: US 8,662,600 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 180/6.5
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/2009 for braking
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/2036 Electric differentials, e.g. for supporting steering vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/40 Working vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/10 DC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/30 AC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2220/12 Induction machines
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2220/14 Synchronous machines
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2220/46 Wheel motors, i.e. motor connected to only one wheel
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/12 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/421 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/423 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/429 Current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/10 by alarm
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/24 by lever actuation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/26 by pedal actuation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/51 characterised by AC-motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/14 Conductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/40 for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/14 for vehicles propelled by ac motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/26 Controlling the braking effect
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 8/003 : Converting light into electric energy, e.g. by using photo-voltaic systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 : Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 : Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 : Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

A lawnmower vehicle which is a working vehicle with an electromagnetic brake includes left and right electromagnetic brakes, a brake relay which is a common brake releasing unit, and an ECU. The ECU compares electricity supply states of the left and right electromagnetic brakes, and controls the brake relay to disconnect an electrical connection between a battery and the left and right electromagnetic brakes, and to brake left and right wheels when a difference in the electricity supply states compared by a comparator exceeds an allowable upper limit.

Claims

1. A working vehicle with an electromagnetic brake, comprising:

a left wheel and a right wheel which are drive wheels driven for travel by a left traction motor and a right traction motor, respectively;

a working machine which is driven for executing ground work;

a left electromagnetic brake and a right electromagnetic brake provided corresponding to the left wheel and the right wheel, respectively, and which execute a brake release operation of the left wheel and the right wheel by supply of electricity from a power supply, and execute a brake operation of the left wheel and the right wheel when the supply of electricity from the power supply is cut off;

a common brake releasing unit which is common to the left electromagnetic brake and the right electromagnetic brake and which electrically connects the power supply and the left electromagnetic brake and the right electromagnetic brake to supply electricity from the power supply to the left electromagnetic brake and the right electromagnetic brake when a brake release instruction is obtained; and

a controller which controls the common brake releasing unit, wherein

the controller compares electricity supply states of the left electromagnetic brake and the right electromagnetic brake, and controls the common brake releasing unit to disconnect an electrical connection between the power supply and the left electromagnetic brake and the right electromagnetic brake, and to brake the left wheel and the right wheel, when a difference between the compared electricity supply states exceeds an allowable upper limit.

2. The working vehicle with an electromagnetic brake according to claim 1, wherein

the controller comprises:

a comparator which compares the electricity supply states of the left electromagnetic brake and the right electromagnetic brake, and

a common release control unit which controls the common brake releasing unit to disconnect the electrical connection between the power supply and the left electromagnetic brake and the right electromagnetic brake, and to brake the left wheel and the right wheel, when a difference between the electricity supply states compared in the comparator exceeds the allowable upper limit.

3. The working vehicle with an electromagnetic brake according to claim 2, further comprising:

a left brake current sensor and a right brake current sensor which detect an amount of supply of electricity for the left electromagnetic brake and the right electromagnetic brake, respectively, wherein

the comparator compares the electricity supply states of the left electromagnetic brake and the right electromagnetic brake based on detected signals of the current sensors.

4. The working vehicle with an electromagnetic brake according to claim 2, wherein

the controller comprises a storage unit which stores changes with respect to time of a left brake electricity supply current and a right brake electricity supply current which are the electricity supply states for the left electromagnetic brake and the right electromagnetic brake, and

the comparator compares the changes with respect to time of the left brake electricity supply current and the right brake electricity supply current stored in the storage unit.

5. The working vehicle with an electromagnetic brake according to claim 1, wherein

the left traction motor and the right traction motor are a left electric motor and a right electric motor, driving of which is controlled by the controller,

the working vehicle with electromagnetic brake further comprises:

an acceleration operator which instructs a target velocity of the vehicle; and

an operator sensor which detects an amount of operation of the acceleration operator, and

the controller comprises;

a torque calculating unit which calculates a vehicle velocity 0 setting torque to be generated in the electric motor necessary for maintaining the velocity of the vehicle at 0 when the target velocity detected by the operator sensor is 0; and

a first and second mode executing unit which controls each of the electric motors to alternately execute, when the target velocity is 0 and after an actual velocity of the vehicle becomes 0, a first mode in which a first torque smaller than the vehicle velocity 0 setting torque is generated in each of the electric motors, and a second mode in which a second torque larger than the vehicle velocity 0 setting torque is generated in each of the electric motors, so that a movement of the vehicle between positions of 2 points apart in a front and rear direction is periodically repeated.

6. The working vehicle with an electromagnetic brake according to claim 5, wherein

during the execution by the first and second mode executing unit, the controller sets a movement velocity of the vehicle to a velocity less than or equal to a predetermined velocity, and sets a movement distance of the vehicle to a distance less than or equal to a predetermined distance, during a transition from a state where the actual velocity of the vehicle becomes 0 to the execution of the first mode or the second mode.

7. The working vehicle with an electromagnetic brake according to claim 6, further comprising:

a left motor velocity detecting unit and a right velocity detecting unit which detect rotational velocities of the left electric motor and the right electric motor, respectively, wherein

the controller comprises a velocity and distance calculating unit which calculates the movement velocity and the movement distance based on detected rotational velocity of each of the electric motors.

8. The working vehicle with an electromagnetic brake according to claim 5, wherein

the left electric motor and the right electric motor are multiple-phase motors which are driven and controlled independently by the controller,

the first and second mode executing unit synchronizes current switching timings of the multiple phases of the left electric motor and the right electric motor between the electric motors, and

the controller further comprises a rotation abnormality processing unit which activates, as a process at a time of abnormality, a left auxiliary brake and a right auxiliary brake which brake the left wheel and the right wheel, respectively, when a difference in actual rotational velocities between the left electric motor and the right electric motor becomes greater than or equal to a predetermined value after synchronization of the current switching timings.

9. The working vehicle with an electromagnetic brake according to claim 8, wherein

the left auxiliary brake and the right auxiliary brake are the left electromagnetic brake and the right electromagnetic brake.

10. The working vehicle with an electromagnetic brake according to claim 1, wherein

the left traction motor and the right traction motor are a left electric motor and a right electric motor, driving of which is controlled by the controller,

the working vehicle with an electromagnetic brake further comprises a brake maintaining instruction provider which instructs cutting of supply of electricity to the electromagnetic brake to maintain braking of the left wheel and the right wheel;

a main switch which is connected between the power supply and the controller and which switches between supply and disconnection of electric power from the power supply to the controller in response to an operation; and

a forceful brake releasing unit which is provided in each of the left electromagnetic brake and the right electromagnetic brake and which maintains a state where the braking by the corresponding electromagnetic brake is forcefully released even when the supply of electricity from the power supply to each of the electromagnetic brakes is cut off,

the forceful brake releasing unit comprises a movable member position sensor which detects a position of a movable member which changes to different positions between a forceful brake released time and a brake permitted time, and

the controller comprises an erroneous brake release processing unit which activates an alarm unit and prohibits the driving of each of the electric motors when maintaining of the barking of the wheel is instructed by an operation of the brake maintaining instruction provider in an ON state of the main switch, and when it is judged that at least one electromagnetic brake electromagnetic brake among the electromagnetic brakes is in a forceful brake released state based on a detected position of each of the movable members.

11. The working vehicle with an electromagnetic brake according to claim 10, wherein

the electromagnetic brake comprises a rotational member which rotates in a linked manner with the wheel, a pair of steel plates placed on both sides of the rotational member and sandwiching the rotational member, a coil which opposes one steel plate of the pair of steel plates and which attracts the one steel plate by supply of electricity, and a spring which opposes the one steel plate so that when no electricity is applied to the coil, the pair of steel plates sandwich and press the rotational member,

the forceful brake releasing unit comprises:

a brake releasing shaft which is rotatably held on a cover of the electromagnetic brake; and

a stopping plate which is placed within the cover and which rotates in a linked manner with the brake releasing shaft,

the stopping plate comprises a cam groove provided on a surface opposing the other steel plate of the pair of steel plates, and a pin having one end inserted into the cam groove and the other and opposing the one steel plate, wherein, with a rotation of the brake releasing shaft, the other end of the pin forcefully releases the pressing of the rotational member by the pair of steel plates against an urging force of the spring, and

the movable member position sensor is one of a first sensor which detects a distance between the cover or a member fixed on the cover and one of the pair of steel plates, a second sensor which detects a rotational angle of the brake releasing shaft or the stopping plate, a third sensor which detects a distance between the pair of steel plates, and a limit switch which detects whether or not the rotational angle of the stopping plate is greater than or equal to a predetermined value.

12. The working vehicle with an electromagnetic brake according to claim 1, wherein

the left traction motor and the right traction motor are a left electric motor and a right electric motor, driving of which is controlled by the controller,

the working vehicle with electromagnetic brake further comprises:

a brake maintaining instruction provider which instructs maintaining of brake of the left wheel and the right wheel by cutting supply of electricity to the electromagnetic brake;

a main switch which is connected between the power supply and the controller and which switches between supply and disconnection of electric power from the power supply to the controller by an operation;

a forceful brake releasing unit which is provided in each of the left electromagnetic brake and the right electromagnetic brake, and which maintains a state where the braking by the corresponding electromagnetic brake is forcefully released even when the supply of electricity from the power supply to each of the electromagnetic brakes is cut off; and

a left rotational angle sensor and a right rotational angle sensor which detect rotational angles of the left electric motor and the right electric motor, respectively, and

the controller comprises;

an instantaneous startup torque generation unit which generates an instantaneous startup torque in each of the electric motors when maintaining of the braking of the wheel is instructed by an operation of the brake maintaining instruction provider in an ON state of the main switch; and

a second erroneous brake release processing unit which activates an alarm unit and prohibits the driving of the electric motors when the instantaneous startup torque is generated and a detected value of the rotational angle of at least one electric motor among the electric motors is greater than or equal to a predetermined value.