HIGH CAPACITY LITHIUM ION BATTERY FORMATION PROTOCOL AND CORRESPONDING BATTERIES
First Claim
1. A method for the formation of a lithium ion secondary battery comprising a lithium rich metal oxide composition, a negative electrode, a separator between the positive electrode and negative electrode, and an electrolyte comprising lithium ions, the method comprising:
- performing a first charge of the battery to a voltage from about 2.1V to about 4.225V;
after completing the first charge, holding the battery at an open circuit for a rest period of at least about 6 hours; and
performing a second charge after the completion of the rest period to a voltage from about 4.275V to about 4.39V.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Battery formation protocols are used to perform initial charging of batteries with lithium rich high capacity positive electrode to result a more stable battery structure. The formation protocol generally comprises three steps, an initial charge step, a rest period under an open circuit and a subsequent charge step to a selected partial activation voltage. The subsequent or second charge voltage is selected to provide for a desired degree of partial activation of the positive electrode active material to achieve a desired specific capacity while providing for excellent stability with cycling. The formation protocol is particularly effective to stabilize cycling for compositions with moderate lithium enrichment.
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Citations
30 Claims
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1. A method for the formation of a lithium ion secondary battery comprising a lithium rich metal oxide composition, a negative electrode, a separator between the positive electrode and negative electrode, and an electrolyte comprising lithium ions, the method comprising:
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performing a first charge of the battery to a voltage from about 2.1V to about 4.225V; after completing the first charge, holding the battery at an open circuit for a rest period of at least about 6 hours; and performing a second charge after the completion of the rest period to a voltage from about 4.275V to about 4.39V. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. A lithium ion battery comprising a positive electrode comprising an active material, a negative electrode, a separator between the positive electrode and negative electrode, and an electrolyte comprising lithium ions, wherein the positive electrode active material comprises a lithium rich metal oxide that can be approximately represented by the formula Li1+bNiα
- Mnβ
Coγ
Aδ
O2−
zFz, where b ranges from about 0.01 to about 0.3, α
ranges from 0 to about 0.4, β
range from about 0.2 to about 0.65, γ
ranges from about 0 to about 0.46, δ
ranges from about 0.001 to about 0.15, and z ranges from 0 to about 0.2 with the proviso that both α and
γ
are not zero, and where A is a metal different from Ni, Mn and Co or a combination thereof, and wherein after charging the battery to 4.35V at a rate of C/10, storing the charged battery with an open circuit for a week at room temperature and fully discharging the battery, the negative electrode comprises no more than about 150 ppm by weight manganese. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13)
- Mnβ
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14. A lithium ion battery comprising:
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a positive electrode comprising a positive electrode active material that comprises a lithium rich metal oxide; a negative electrode comprising a lithium intercalation/alloying composition; a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising lithium ions; a separator between the negative electrode and the positive electrode; and wherein the battery has been cycled through a formation cycle and wherein at the 200th cycle, the battery has a specific discharge capacity based on the mass of the positive electrode active composition of at least about 140 mAh/g at a discharge rate of 1 C from 4.35V to 2.0V that is at least about 97% of the 5th cycle specific discharge capacity. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. A lithium ion battery comprising a positive electrode comprising an active material, a negative electrode, a separator between the positive electrode and negative electrode, and an electrolyte comprising lithium ions, wherein the positive electrode active material comprises a lithium rich metal oxide that can be approximately represented by the formula Li1+bNiα
- Mnβ
Coγ
Aδ
O2−
zFz, where b ranges from about 0.01 to about 0.3, α
ranges from 0 to about 0.4, β
range from about 0.2 to about 0.65, γ
ranges from about 0 to about 0.46, δ
ranges from about 0.001 to about 0.15, and z ranges from 0 to about 0.2 with the proviso that both α and
γ
are not zero, and where A is a metal different from Ni, Mn and Co or a combination thereof, and wherein the positive electrode active material has a discharge specific capacity at a rate of 2 C from 4.35V to 2.5V at the 10th discharge cycle that is at least about 140 mAh/g and that is at least 87.5% of the discharge specific capacity at a rate of C/5 from 4.35V to 2.5V at the 11th discharge cycle. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26)
- Mnβ
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27. A lithium ion battery comprising a positive electrode comprising a positive electrode active material that comprises a lithium rich metal oxide, a negative electrode, a separator between the positive electrode and negative electrode, and an electrolyte comprising lithium ions, wherein the lithium rich metal oxide can be approximately represented by the formula Li1+bNiα
- Mnβ
Coγ
Aδ
O2−
zFz, where b ranges from about 0.01 to about 0.3, α
ranges from 0 to about 0.4, β
range from about 0.2 to about 0.65, γ
ranges from about 0 to about 0.46, δ
ranges from about 0.001 to about 0.15, and z ranges from 0 to about 0.2 with the proviso that both α and
γ
are not zero, and where A is a metal different from Ni, Mn and Co or a combination thereof, and wherein the positive electrode active material has a discharge specific capacity at a rate of C/3 from 4.35V to 2.5V at the 5th discharge cycle that is at least about 160 mAh/g and having a calendar life at an 85% state of charge at 30 degrees C. of at least about 2 years based on discharge capacity decay of no more than about 20%. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29, 30)
- Mnβ
Specification