Surface-mediated lithium ion-exchanging energy storage device
First Claim
1. A surface-mediated, lithium ion-exchanging energy storage device comprising:
- (a) A positive electrode (cathode) comprising a cathode active material having a surface area to capture or store lithium thereon;
(b) A negative electrode (anode) comprising an anode active material having a surface area to capture or store lithium thereon;
(c) A porous separator disposed between the two electrodes; and
(d) A lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with the two electrodes, wherein said anode active material and/or said cathode active material has a specific surface area of no less than 100 m2/g being in direct physical contact with said electrolyte to receive lithium ions therefrom or to provide lithium ions thereto;
wherein at least one of the two electrodes contains therein a lithium source prior to a first charge or a first discharge cycle of the energy storage device and wherein at least the cathode active material is not a functionalized material and does not bear a functional group.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A surface-mediated, lithium ion-exchanging energy storage device comprising: (a) A positive electrode (cathode) comprising a cathode active material that is not a functional material (bearing no functional group reactive with lithium), but having a surface area to capture or store lithium thereon; (b) A negative electrode (anode) comprising an anode active material having a surface area to capture or store lithium thereon; (c) A porous separator disposed between the two electrodes; and (d) A lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with the two electrodes, wherein the anode active material and/or the cathode active material has a specific surface area of no less than 100 m2/g in direct physical contact with the electrolyte to receive lithium ions therefrom or to provide lithium ions thereto; wherein at least one of the two electrodes contains therein a lithium source prior to a first charge or a first discharge cycle of the energy storage device. This new generation of energy storage device exhibits the best properties of both the lithium ion battery and the supercapacitor.
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Citations
55 Claims
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1. A surface-mediated, lithium ion-exchanging energy storage device comprising:
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(a) A positive electrode (cathode) comprising a cathode active material having a surface area to capture or store lithium thereon; (b) A negative electrode (anode) comprising an anode active material having a surface area to capture or store lithium thereon; (c) A porous separator disposed between the two electrodes; and (d) A lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with the two electrodes, wherein said anode active material and/or said cathode active material has a specific surface area of no less than 100 m2/g being in direct physical contact with said electrolyte to receive lithium ions therefrom or to provide lithium ions thereto; wherein at least one of the two electrodes contains therein a lithium source prior to a first charge or a first discharge cycle of the energy storage device and wherein at least the cathode active material is not a functionalized material and does not bear a functional group. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51)
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50. A method of operating a surface-mediated energy storage device, said method including:
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(A) Providing a surface-mediated cell comprising an anode, a lithium source, a porous separator, liquid or gel electrolyte, and a cathode, wherein both the anode and the cathode have a non-functionalized material having lithium-capturing surfaces; (B) Releasing lithium ions from said lithium source into said electrolyte during the first discharge of said device; and (C) Exchanging lithium ions between the lithium-capturing surfaces of said anode and the lithium-capturing surfaces of said cathode during a subsequent charge or discharge.
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52. A method of operating a surface-mediated energy storage device, said method including:
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(A) Providing a surface-mediated cell comprising an anode, a lithium source, a porous separator, electrolyte having an initial amount of lithium ions, and a cathode, wherein both the anode and the cathode have a material having lithium-capturing surfaces in contact with said electrolyte; (B) Releasing lithium ions from said lithium source into said electrolyte during the first discharge of said device; (C) Operating said cathode to capture lithium ions from said electrolyte and store said captured lithium on cathode surfaces; and (D) Exchanging an amount of lithium ions, greater than said initial amount, between the lithium-capturing surfaces of said anode and the lithium-capturing surfaces of said cathode during a subsequent charge or discharge operation, wherein said charge operation involves no lithium intercalation. - View Dependent Claims (53, 54, 55)
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Specification