CONTACTLESS ELECTRIC POWER RECEIVING APPARATUS, CONTACTLESS ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMITTING APPARATUS, CONTACTLESS ELECTRIC POWER FEEDING SYSTEM, AND VEHICLE

• US 20130119774A1
• Filed: 01/18/2010
• Published: 05/16/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 01/18/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Ichikawa, Shinji
• Granted Patent: US 8,816,537 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 307/104
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2220/14 Synchronous machines
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/122 Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/90 involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/79 for data transfer in combination with power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

In a contactless power feeding system using a resonance method, an electric power receiving apparatus or an electric power transmitting apparatus is connected to a self-resonant coil and includes a capacitor having a variable capacitance. When electromagnetic resonance occurs at a prescribed frequency determined by the electric power transmitting apparatus, the capacitance of the capacitor is adjusted so as to maximize the electric power transmission efficiency during electric power feeding. Accordingly, deterioration in transmission efficiency can be suppressed even when the distance between the secondary self-resonant coil included in the electric power receiving apparatus and the primary self-resonant coil included in the electric power transmitting apparatus changes from a reference distance at the time of design.

Claims

1. An electric power receiving apparatus for receiving electric power in a contactless manner from an electric power transmitting apparatus, said electric power receiving apparatus comprising:

a self-resonant coil configured to receive electric power in a contactless manner from said electric power transmitting apparatus;

a variable capacitor connected to said self-resonant coil and having a capacitance variable within a prescribed variable range; and

a controller for controlling the capacitance of said variable capacitor, wherein

said variable capacitor is designed to have the capacitance that is set greater than a median value of said variable range, when said electric power transmitting apparatus and said electric power receiving apparatus have respective resonance frequencies approximately identical to each other in a case where a distance between said electric power transmitting apparatus and said electric power receiving apparatus is equal to a prescribed reference distance.

2. The electric power receiving apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a capacitor connected in parallel to said variable capacitor and having a fixed capacitance.

3. The electric power receiving apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said capacitor is greater in capacitance than said variable capacitor.

4. The electric power receiving apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said variable capacitor is designed such that a capacitance value obtained by subtracting a half capacitance of said variable range of said variable capacitor from a total capacitance of the capacitance of said capacitor and a maximum capacitance of said variable capacitor is smaller than the capacitance of said variable capacitor at a time when said electric power transmitting apparatus and said electric power receiving apparatus have respective resonance frequencies approximately identical to each other.

5. The electric power receiving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said controller searches for a capacitance at which received electric power received from said electric power transmitting apparatus is at its maximum while changing the capacitance of said variable capacitor, and adjusts the capacitance of said variable capacitor at a capacitance at which said received electric power searched is at its maximum.

6. The electric power receiving apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said controller searches for the capacitance at which the received electric power received from said electric power transmitting apparatus is at its maximum while changing the capacitance of said variable capacitor by a prescribed changing amount.

7. The electric power receiving apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said controller searches for the capacitance at which the received electric power received from said electric power transmitting apparatus is at its maximum by detecting the received electric power for each capacitance value throughout said variable range of said variable capacitor.

8. The electric power receiving apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said controller searches for the capacitance at which the received electric power received from said electric power transmitting apparatus is at its maximum by detecting the received electric power while changing the capacitance of said variable capacitor from a minimum capacitance to a maximum capacitance of said variable capacitor.

9. An electric power receiving apparatus for receiving electric power in a contactless manner from an electric power transmitting apparatus, said electric power receiving apparatus comprising:

a self-resonant coil configured to receive electric power in a contactless manner from said electric power transmitting apparatus;

a variable capacitor connected to said self-resonant coil and having a capacitance variable within a prescribed variable range; and

a controller for controlling the capacitance of said variable capacitor, wherein

said variable capacitor is designed to have the capacitance that is set, when said electric power transmitting apparatus and said electric power receiving apparatus have respective resonance frequencies approximately identical to each other in a case where a distance between said electric power transmitting apparatus and said electric power receiving apparatus is equal to a prescribed reference distance, such that a variable range in a direction in which said distance is shorter than said reference distance is greater than a variable range in a direction in which said distance is greater than said reference distance.

10. An electric power transmitting apparatus for transmitting electric power in a contactless manner to an electric power receiving apparatus, said electric power transmitting apparatus comprising:

a self-resonant coil configured to transmit electric power supplied from a power supply apparatus in a contactless manner to said electric power receiving apparatus;

a variable capacitor connected to said self-resonant coil and having a capacitance variable within a prescribed variable range; and

a controller for controlling the capacitance of said variable capacitor, wherein

said variable capacitor is designed to have the capacitance that is set greater than a median value of said variable range, when said electric power transmitting apparatus and said electric power receiving apparatus have respective resonance frequencies approximately identical to each other in a case where a distance between said electric power transmitting apparatus and said electric power receiving apparatus is equal to a prescribed reference distance.

11. The electric power transmitting apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising a capacitor connected in parallel to said variable capacitor and having a fixed capacitance.

12. The electric power transmitting apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said capacitor is greater in capacitance than said variable capacitor.

13. The electric power transmitting apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said variable capacitor is designed such that a capacitance value obtained by subtracting a half capacitance of said variable range of said variable capacitor from a total capacitance of the capacitance of said capacitor and a maximum capacitance of said variable capacitor is smaller than the capacitance of said variable capacitor at a time when said electric power transmitting apparatus and said electric power receiving apparatus have respective resonance frequencies approximately identical to each other.

14. The electric power transmitting apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said controller searches for a capacitance at which reflected electric power reflected by said electric power receiving apparatus is at its minimum while changing the capacitance of said variable capacitor, and adjusts the capacitance of said variable capacitor at a capacitance at which said reflected electric power searched is at its minimum.

15. The electric power transmitting apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said controller searches for the capacitance at which the reflected electric power reflected by said electric power receiving apparatus is at its minimum while changing the capacitance of said variable capacitor by a prescribed changing amount.

16. The electric power transmitting apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said controller searches for the capacitance at which the reflected electric power reflected by said electric power receiving apparatus is at its minimum by detecting the reflected electric power for each capacitance value throughout said variable range of said variable capacitor.

17. The electric power transmitting apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said controller searches for the capacitance at which the reflected electric power reflected by said electric power receiving apparatus is at its minimum by detecting the reflected electric power while changing the capacitance of said variable capacitor from a minimum capacitance to a maximum capacitance of said variable capacitor.

18. An electric power transmitting apparatus for transmitting electric power in a contactless manner to an electric power receiving apparatus, said electric power transmitting apparatus comprising:

a self-resonant coil configured to transmit electric power supplied from a power supply apparatus in a contactless manner to said electric power receiving apparatus;

a variable capacitor connected to said self-resonant coil and having a capacitance variable within a prescribed variable range; and

a controller for controlling the capacitance of said variable capacitor wherein

said variable capacitor is designed to have the capacitance that is set, when said electric power transmitting apparatus and said electric power receiving apparatus have respective resonance frequencies approximately identical to each other in a case where a distance between said electric power transmitting apparatus and said electric power receiving apparatus is equal to a prescribed reference distance, such that a variable range in a direction in which said distance is shorter than said reference distance is greater than a variable range in a direction in which said distance is greater than said reference distance.