SECONDARY REDOX FLOW BATTERY AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME
First Claim
1. A secondary redox flow battery having a charge capacity and an efficiency, the battery comprising:
- a plurality of flow cells electrically connected to each other, each flow cell including an anode half-cell and a cathode half-cell, the cathode half-cell including a fluid-containing vessel defining a cavity in which is disposed an electrode and a circulating catholyte solution including a transition metal complex anion and at least two cation species, the transition metal complex anion having a first electronic state and a second electronic state, the transition metal complex anion being capable of oxidation and reduction between the first and second electronic states, the cation species being selected from the group consisting of Group I element ions, Group II element ions, and ammonium ions, the transition metal complex forming flowing and finely divided solids with particle sizes less than 1 mm;
a reservoir fluidly communicating with the cavity; and
a separator ionically communicating between the anode half-cell and the cathode half-cell, the battery being capable of a discharge current rate equal to or greater than 20 milliamperes/cm2.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A secondary redox flow battery having a charge capacity and an efficiency includes an anode half-cell and a cathode half-cell having a fluid-containing vessel defining a cavity in which is disposed an electrode and a catholyte. The catholyte consists of a solvent, at least two cation species, and an anionic transition metal complex. The catholyte cation species are selected from the group consisting of Group I element ions, Group II element ions and ammonium ions. The battery also includes a reservoir fluidly communicating with the cavity and a separator ionically communicating between the anode half-cell and the cathode half-cell. The battery is capable of a discharge current equal to or greater than 20 milliamperes/cm2.
47 Citations
19 Claims
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1. A secondary redox flow battery having a charge capacity and an efficiency, the battery comprising:
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a plurality of flow cells electrically connected to each other, each flow cell including an anode half-cell and a cathode half-cell, the cathode half-cell including a fluid-containing vessel defining a cavity in which is disposed an electrode and a circulating catholyte solution including a transition metal complex anion and at least two cation species, the transition metal complex anion having a first electronic state and a second electronic state, the transition metal complex anion being capable of oxidation and reduction between the first and second electronic states, the cation species being selected from the group consisting of Group I element ions, Group II element ions, and ammonium ions, the transition metal complex forming flowing and finely divided solids with particle sizes less than 1 mm; a reservoir fluidly communicating with the cavity; and a separator ionically communicating between the anode half-cell and the cathode half-cell, the battery being capable of a discharge current rate equal to or greater than 20 milliamperes/cm2. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. (canceled)
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13. A secondary redox flow battery having a charge capacity and an efficiency, the battery comprising:
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an anode half-cell; and a cathode half-cell including a fluid-containing vessel defining a cavity in which is disposed an electrode and a circulating catholyte solution including at least two cation species of the catholyte that are each present in an amount ranging from 0.05 molar to 3.4 molar and an iron-containing anion capable of a redox reaction, being present when a hydroxide anion is present in a range of 1 molar to 6 molar, in an amount ranging from 20 relative percent to 55 relative percent more than amount present in a catholyte having only one cation species. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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19-20. -20. (canceled)
Specification