MARGIN-BASED BATTERY CHARGE BALANCING
First Claim
1. A method of operation within a battery system having a plurality of battery blocks coupled in series between terminals of a battery pack, the method comprising:
- measuring respective charging voltages of the battery blocks while receiving charging current via the battery pack terminals;
measuring respective discharging voltages of the battery blocks while sourcing current to a load via the battery pack terminals;
identifying an anomalous one of the battery blocks as having a higher charging voltage than charging voltages of others of the battery blocks and a lower discharging voltage than discharging voltages of others of the battery blocks, the charging voltage of the anomalous battery block being a first marginal voltage below an upper threshold and the discharging voltage of the anomalous battery block being a second marginal voltage above a lower threshold; and
adjusting a state of charge of the anomalous battery block to reduce a difference between the first and second marginal voltages.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A battery pack management system adjusts the relative state-of-charge of respective battery blocks in a battery pack to equalize (i.e., align, balance or otherwise make similar) the peak battery block voltages (i.e., maximum or “upper peak” battery block voltages when the battery pack is being charged and/or minimum or “lower peak” battery block voltages when the battery is being discharged). Upon detecting an anomalous battery block that exhibits outlier upper and lower peak voltages, the battery pack management system adjusts the relative state of charge of respective battery blocks to center their respective upper and lower peak voltages between operating limits, thus maximizing the operating margin of the battery pack as a whole.
35 Citations
25 Claims
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1. A method of operation within a battery system having a plurality of battery blocks coupled in series between terminals of a battery pack, the method comprising:
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measuring respective charging voltages of the battery blocks while receiving charging current via the battery pack terminals; measuring respective discharging voltages of the battery blocks while sourcing current to a load via the battery pack terminals; identifying an anomalous one of the battery blocks as having a higher charging voltage than charging voltages of others of the battery blocks and a lower discharging voltage than discharging voltages of others of the battery blocks, the charging voltage of the anomalous battery block being a first marginal voltage below an upper threshold and the discharging voltage of the anomalous battery block being a second marginal voltage above a lower threshold; and adjusting a state of charge of the anomalous battery block to reduce a difference between the first and second marginal voltages. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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- 4. The method of claim adjusting 1 wherein measuring respective charging voltages of the battery blocks comprises measuring respective upper peak voltages of the battery blocks and wherein measuring respective discharging voltages comprises measuring respective lower peak voltages of the battery blocks.
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13. A battery management system to control a battery system having a plurality of battery blocks coupled in series between terminals of a battery pack, the battery management system comprising:
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voltage measurement circuitry to measure respective charging voltages of the battery blocks while receiving charging current via the battery pack terminals, and to measure respective discharging voltages of the battery blocks while sourcing current to a load via the battery pack terminals; logic to identify an anomalous one of the battery blocks as having a higher charging voltage than charging voltages of others of the battery blocks and a lower discharging voltage than discharging voltages of others of the battery blocks, the charging voltage of the anomalous battery block being a first marginal voltage below an upper threshold and the discharging voltage of the anomalous battery block being a second marginal voltage above a lower threshold; and charge adjusting circuitry to adjust a state of charge of the anomalous battery block to reduce a difference between the first and second marginal voltages. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24)
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25. A battery management system to control a battery system having a plurality of battery blocks coupled in series between terminals of a battery pack, the battery management system comprising:
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means for measuring respective charging voltages of the battery blocks while receiving charging current via the battery pack terminals and for measuring respective discharging voltages of the battery blocks while sourcing current to a load via the battery pack terminals; means for identifying an anomalous one of the battery blocks as having a higher charging voltage than charging voltages of others of the battery blocks and a lower discharging voltage than discharging voltages of others of the battery blocks, the charging voltage of the anomalous battery block being a first marginal voltage below an upper threshold and the discharging voltage of the anomalous battery block being a second marginal voltage above a lower threshold; and means for adjusting a state of charge of the anomalous battery block to reduce a difference between the first and second marginal voltages.
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Specification