CARBON BLACKS AND USE IN ELECTRODES FOR LEAD ACID BATTERIES

• US 20130295462A1
• Filed: 04/04/2013
• Published: 11/07/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 12/22/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cabot Corporation
• Original Assignee: Cabot Corporation
• Inventors: Atanassova, Paolina, Blizanac, Berislav, Koehlert, Kenneth C., Moeser, Geoffrey D., Oljaca, Miodrag, Sun, Yipeng, Sawrey, Jeffrey S., Pierre, Danny
• Granted Patent: US 9,287,565 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/228
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/12 Surface area
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/14 Pore volume
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/40 Electric properties
• CPC Class Codes: C01P 2006/90 Other properties not specified above
• CPC Class Codes: C09C 1/56 Treatment of carbon black ; Purification
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/06 Lead-acid accumulators semi-lead accumulators H01M10/20
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/14 Electrodes for lead-acid accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/56 of lead
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/625 Carbon or graphite
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A carbon black having a combination of properties with values in ranges selected to promote high conductivity, high hydrophobicity, and reduced outgassing in lead acid batteries while maintaining high charge acceptance and cycleability. The carbon black has a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area ranging from 100 m²/g to 1100 m²/g combined with one or more properties, e.g., a surface energy (SE) of 10 mJ/m² or less, and/or a Raman microcrystalline planar size (L_a) of at least 22 Å, e.g., ranging from 22 Å to 50 Å. In some cases, the carbon black has a statistical thickness surface area (STSA) of at least 100 m²/g, e.g., ranging from 100 m²/g to 600 m²/g.

Claims

1. An electrode comprising:

an electrically conductive substrate; and

a material supported by a surface of the electrically conductive substrate, the material comprising a carbon black having a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area ranging from 100 m²/g to 1100 m²/g, and a surface energy (SE) of 10 mJ/m² or less.

2. The electrode of claim 1, wherein the carbon black has a Raman microcrystalline planar size (L_a) of at least 22 Å

.

3. The electrode of claim 1, wherein the carbon black has a Raman microcrystalline planar size (L_a) of at least 25 Å

.

4. The electrode of claim 1, wherein the carbon black has a Raman microcrystalline planar size (L_a) of 50 Å

or less.

5. The electrode of claim 1, wherein the surface energy (SE) is 9 mJ/m² or less.

9. The electrode of claim 1, wherein the carbon black has a statistical thickness surface area (STSA) of at least 100 m²/g.

12. The electrode of claim 1, wherein the carbon black is a heat-treated carbon black.

13. The electrode of claim 12, wherein the heat-treated carbon black is prepared by a process comprising heating a carbon black at a temperature ranging from 1100°

C. to 1700°

C. in an inert atmosphere.

14. A lead acid battery comprising:

a first electrode, wherein the first electrode comprises the electrode of claim 1;

a second electrode; and

an electrolyte in contact with the first electrode and the second electrode.

6. (canceled)

7. (canceled)

8. (canceled)

10. (canceled)

11. (canceled)

15. A carbon black having a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area ranging from 100 m²/g to 1100 m²/g, and a surface energy (SE) of 10 mJ/m² or less.

16. The carbon black of claim 15, wherein the carbon black has a Raman microcrystalline planar size (L_a) of at least 22 Å

.

19. The carbon black of claim 15, wherein the surface energy (SE) is 9 mJ/m² or less.

22. The carbon black of claim 15, wherein the surface energy (SE) ranges from 1 mJ/m² to 10 mJ/m².

25. The carbon black of claim 15, wherein the carbon black has a statistical thickness surface area (STSA) ranging from 100 m²/g to 600 m²/g.

45. A composition comprising:

lead oxide; and

the carbon black of claim 15,

wherein the composition comprises 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % of the carbon black relative to the lead oxide.

46. The composition of claim 45, wherein the composition is a paste.

47. An electrode comprising:

an electrically conductive substrate; and

a material supported by a surface of the electrically conductive substrate, the material comprising the composition of claim 45.

48. An electrode comprising:

an electrically conductive substrate; and

a material supported by a surface of the electrically conductive substrate, the material comprising the composition of claim 46.

49. A lead acid battery comprising:

a first electrode, wherein the first electrode comprises the electrode of claim 47;

a second electrode; and

an electrolyte in contact with the first electrode and the second electrode.

17. (canceled)

18. (canceled)

20. (canceled)

21. (canceled)

23. (canceled)

24. (canceled)

26. A heat-treated carbon black prepared by a process comprising heating a carbon black at a temperature ranging from 1100°

C. to 1700°

C. in an inert atmosphere to form the heat-treated carbon black, wherein the heat-treated carbon black has a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area ranging from 100 m²/g to 1100 m²/g and a surface energy (SE) of 10 mJ/m² or less.

27. The heat-treated carbon black of claim 26, wherein the heat-treated carbon black has a Raman microcrystalline planar size (L_a) of at least 22 Å

.

30. The heat-treated carbon black of claim 26, wherein the surface energy (SE) is 9 mJ/m² or less.

33. The heat-treated carbon black of claim 26, wherein the heat-treated carbon black has a statistical thickness surface area (STSA) of at least 100 m²/g.

28. (canceled)

29. (canceled)

31. (canceled)

32. (canceled)

34. (canceled)

35. (canceled)

36. A heat-treated carbon black prepared by a process comprising heating a carbon black at a temperature ranging from 1100°

C. to 1700°

C. in an inert atmosphere to form the heat-treated carbon black, wherein the heat-treated carbon black has a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area ranging from 100 m²/g to 1100 m²/g and a Raman microcrystalline planar size (L_a) ranging from 22 Å

to 50 Å

.

38. The heat-treated carbon black of claim 36, wherein the surface energy (SE) of the heat-treated carbon black is 10 mJ/m² or less.

39. The heat-treated carbon black of claim 36, wherein the surface energy (SE) of the heat-treated carbon black is 9 mJ/m² or less.

42. The heat-treated carbon black of claim 36, wherein the heat-treated carbon black has a statistical thickness surface area (STSA) of at least 100 m²/g.

37. (canceled)

40. (canceled)

41. (canceled)

43. (canceled)

44. (canceled)

50. A method comprising:

heating a carbon black at a temperature ranging from 1100°

C. to 1700°

C. in an inert atmosphere to form a heat-treated carbon black,

wherein the heat-treated carbon black has a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area ranging from 100 m²/g to 1100 m²/g and a surface energy (SE) of 10 mJ/m² or less.

51. The method of claim 50, wherein the heat-treated carbon black has a Raman microcrystalline planar size (L_a) of at least 22 Å

.

54. The method of claim 50, wherein the surface energy (SE) of the heat-treated carbon black is 10 mJ/m² or less.

58. The method of claim 50, wherein the heat-treated carbon black has a statistical thickness surface area (STSA) of at least 100 m²/g.

52. (canceled)

53. (canceled)

55. (canceled)

56. (canceled)

57. (canceled)

59. (canceled)

60. (canceled)

61. A method comprising:

heating a carbon black at a temperature ranging from 1100°

C. to 1700°

C. in an inert atmosphere to form a heat-treated carbon black,

wherein the heat-treated carbon black has a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area ranging from 100 m²/g to 1100 m²/g and a Raman microcrystalline planar size (L_a) ranging from 22 Å

to 50 Å

.

62-69. -69. (canceled)