NANOPARTICLE MACRO-COMPOSITIONS
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Abstract
Embodiments of the present invention may include a macro-composition with a special structure. The structure includes a layered macro-composition made of a nanoparticle as an inner nucleus, an intermediate layer around the nucleus, and an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer. A plurality of the layered macro-compositions is bonded together by bonds, so that each layered macro-composition is bonded to at least one other such layered macro-composition. Embodiments include a macro-composition made of three 3-layered macro-compositions joined in a chain by two bonds. These macro-composition assemblies may take the shape of layered macro-compositions bonded together in chains, or forming other shapes, such as rings. The layered macro-composition may be no more than about 100 nanometers in size, for example. The bonds of the complex macro-composition may have an average length of no more than about 100 nanometers, for example. Embodiments may be added to lubricants such as oil or grease, to increase their performance.
6 Citations
165 Claims
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1-28. -28. (canceled)
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29. A layered nanoparticle macro-composition, comprising:
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a nanoparticle inner nucleus, wherein the nanoparticle comprises a functional group; an intermediate layer around the nucleus; an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer; and wherein the inner nucleus has an open architecture. - View Dependent Claims (30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43)
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44. A macro-composition comprising:
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a plurality of nanoparticle inner nuclei, wherein the nanoparticle comprise a functional group; on each nucleus, an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus, the layer with the nucleus forming a layered nanoparticle; a plurality of bonds, each bond bonded to at least two of the layered nanoparticles, such that each layered nanoparticle is bonded to at least one other of the layered nanoparticles by a bond including the functional group; and wherein the inner nuclei each have an open architecture. - View Dependent Claims (45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50)
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51. A layered nanoparticle macro-composition, comprising:
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a nanoparticle inner nucleus; a functional layered shell around the nucleus; an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer; and wherein the inner nucleus has an open architecture. - View Dependent Claims (52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62)
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63. A macro-composition comprising:
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a plurality of nanoparticle inner nuclei; on each nucleus, an active capping layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus, the layer with the nucleus forming a layered nanoparticle; a plurality of bonds, each bond bonded to at least two of the layered nanoparticles, such that each layered nanoparticle is bonded to at least one other of the layered nanoparticles by a bond; and wherein the inner nuclei each have an open architecture. - View Dependent Claims (64, 65, 66, 67, 68)
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69. A layered nanoparticle macro-composition, comprising:
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a nanoparticle inner nucleus; an intermediate layer around the nucleus; an active capping layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the functional layered shell; and wherein the inner nucleus has an open architecture. - View Dependent Claims (70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80)
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81. A nano-delivery lubricant system, comprising:
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a layered nanoparticle macro-composition comprising a nanoparticle inner nucleus, wherein the inner nucleus has an open architecture, and an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus; and an organic medium. - View Dependent Claims (82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89)
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90. A lubricating film, comprising
a nanoparticle inner nucleus having an open architecture; -
an intermediate layer around the nucleus; an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer; and wherein the inner nucleus is plastically deformed. - View Dependent Claims (91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100)
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101. A lubricated material comprising:
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a surface comprising at least one asperity; and a lubricating tribofilm disposed on the surface, wherein the tribofilm comprises a layered nanoparticle macro-composition comprising; a nanoparticle inner nucleus having an open architecture, an intermediate layer around the nucleus, and an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer. - View Dependent Claims (102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110)
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111. A plurality of layered nanoparticle macro-compositions, wherein each layered nanoparticle macro-composition is bonded to at least one other of the layered nanoparticles by a bond to form of a chain or a ring, wherein the macro-composition comprises:
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a nanoparticle inner nucleus; an intermediate layer around the nucleus; an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer; and wherein the inner nucleus has an open architecture. - View Dependent Claims (112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121)
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122. A macro-composition comprising a chain or a ring, comprising:
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a plurality of nanoparticle inner nuclei; on each nucleus, an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus, the layer with the nucleus forming a layered nanoparticle; a plurality of bonds, each bond bonded to at least two of the layered nanoparticles, such that each layered nanoparticle is bonded to at least one other of the layered nanoparticles by a bond to form of a chain or a ring; and wherein the inner nuclei each have an open architecture. - View Dependent Claims (123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129)
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130. A method of making a lubricant formulation, the method comprising:
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providing a plurality of layered nanoparticle macro-compositions, each macro-composition comprising a nanoparticle inner nucleus having an open architecture; an intermediate layer around the nucleus; an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer; and blending the plurality of macro-compositions with a lubricant; forming a plurality of bonds between the plurality of macro-compositions in the lubricant, such that each of the macro-compositions is bonded to at least one other of the macro-compositions. - View Dependent Claims (131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137)
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138. A method of making a lubricant formulation, the method comprising:
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providing a macro-composition comprising a plurality of nanoparticle inner nuclei comprising an open architecture, on each nucleus, an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus, the layer with the nucleus forming a layered nanoparticles, a plurality of bonds, each bond bonded to at least two of the layered nanoparticles, such that each layered nanoparticle is bonded to at least one other of the layered nanoparticles; and blending the macro-compositions with a lubricant of the group consisting of grease, oil, gear oil, lithium complex grease, and coatings. - View Dependent Claims (139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145)
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146. A method of lubricating a material, the method comprising:
frictionally contacting a surface of the material and a layered nanoparticle macro-composition comprising a nanoparticle inner nucleus having an open architecture, an intermediate layer around the nucleus, and an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer. - View Dependent Claims (147, 148, 149, 150, 151)
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152. A layered nanoparticle macro-composition, comprising:
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solid lubricant nanoparticles; and an organic medium interacted with or encapsulating the nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles have an open architecture. - View Dependent Claims (153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165)
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Specification