Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems and Methods Featuring Large Negative Half-Cell Potentials
First Claim
1. A flow battery comprising:
- a first half-cell comprising;
a first aqueous electrolyte comprising a first redox active material; and
a first carbon electrode in contact with said first aqueous electrolyte;
a second half-cell comprising;
a second aqueous electrolyte comprising a second redox active material; and
a second carbon electrode in contact with said second aqueous electrolyte; and
a separator disposed between said first half-cell and said second half-cell;
said first half-cell having a half-cell potential equal to or more negative than about −
0.3 V with respect to a reversible hydrogen electrode; and
said first aqueous electrolyte having a pH in a range of from about 8 to about 13; and
wherein the flow battery is capable of operating at a current density of at least about 25 mA/cm2.
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Accused Products
Abstract
The invention concerns flow batteries comprising: a first half-cell comprising: (i) a first aqueous electrolyte comprising a first redox active material; and a first carbon electrode in contact with the first aqueous electrolyte; (ii) a second half-cell comprising: a second aqueous electrolyte comprising a second redox active material; and a second carbon electrode in contact with the second aqueous electrolyte; and (iii) a separator disposed between the first half-cell and the second half-cell; the first half-cell having a half-cell potential equal to or more negative than about −0.3 V with respect to a reversible hydrogen electrode; and the first aqueous electrolyte having a pH in a range of from about 8 to about 13, wherein the flow battery is capable of operating or is operating at a current density at least about 25 mA/cm2.
33 Citations
30 Claims
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1. A flow battery comprising:
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a first half-cell comprising; a first aqueous electrolyte comprising a first redox active material; and a first carbon electrode in contact with said first aqueous electrolyte; a second half-cell comprising; a second aqueous electrolyte comprising a second redox active material; and a second carbon electrode in contact with said second aqueous electrolyte; and a separator disposed between said first half-cell and said second half-cell; said first half-cell having a half-cell potential equal to or more negative than about −
0.3 V with respect to a reversible hydrogen electrode; andsaid first aqueous electrolyte having a pH in a range of from about 8 to about 13; and wherein the flow battery is capable of operating at a current density of at least about 25 mA/cm2. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
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11. A flow battery comprising:
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a first half-cell comprising; a first aqueous electrolyte comprising a first redox active material; and a first carbon electrode in contact with said first aqueous electrolyte, wherein the first redox active material does not substantially plate onto the carbon electrode during operation; a second half-cell comprising; a second aqueous electrolyte comprising a second redox active material; and a second electrode in contact with said second aqueous electrolyte; and a separator disposed between said first half-cell and said second half-cell; wherein said first half-cell has a half-cell potential equal to or more negative than about −
0.3 V with respect to a reversible hydrogen electrode; andsaid flow battery exhibits essentially zero hydrogen evolution current when operated at a current density of at least about 40 mA/cm2. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
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Specification