LINEAR ROW ARRAY INTEGRATED POWER COMBINER FOR RF POWER AMPLIFIERS

• US 20140085001A1
• Filed: 09/23/2013
• Published: 03/27/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 09/23/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: DSP Group Ltd. (Synaptics Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: DSP Group Ltd. (Synaptics Incorporated)
• Inventors: Anderson, Sergey, Mostov, Alexander, Schwartz, Eli, Pongratz, Ron
• Granted Patent: US 9,208,943 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 330/197
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 10/00 Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 40/00 Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 19/04 Transformers or mutual inductances suitable for handling frequencies considerably beyond the audio range resonant circuits H03H
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 27/2804 Printed windings
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 27/29 Terminals; Tapping arrangements for signal inductances
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 38/00 Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 38/14 Inductive couplings for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling H02J50/10
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2223/6611 Wire connections
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2223/6655 Matching arrangements, e.g. arrangement of inductive and capacitive components
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2223/6672 for integrated passive components, e.g. semiconductor device with passive components only integrated circuits with passive components only per se H01L27/01
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/48091 Arched
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/49175 Parallel arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/5227 Inductive arrangements or effects of, or between, wiring layers other inductive arrangements H01L23/645
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/645 Inductive arrangements H01L23/647, H01L23/66 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/66 High-frequency adaptations
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00 Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00014 the subject-matter covered by the group, the symbol of which is combined with the symbol of this group, being disclosed without further technical details
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/0002 Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0012 Control circuits using digital or numerical techniques in DC/DC converters H02M3/157, H02M3/33515; in DC-AC converters H02M7/53873
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/04 by static converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1563 : without using an external clock H02M3/158 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/02 : Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0216 : Continuous control
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0227 : using supply converters
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0238 : using supply converters
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0261 : with control of the polarisation voltage or current, e.g. gliding Class A
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/26 : Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of noise generated by amplifying elements
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/565 : using inductive elements
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/102 : A non-specified detector of a signal envelope being used in an amplifying circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/105 : A non-specified detector of the power of a signal being used in an amplifying circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/18 : the bias of the gate of a FET being controlled by a control signal
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/294 : the amplifier being a low noise amplifier [LNA]
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/387 : A circuit being added at the output of an amplifier to adapt the output impedance of the amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/432 : Two or more amplifiers of different type are coupled in parallel at the input or output, e.g. a class D and a linear amplifier, a class B and a class A amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/451 : the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/504 : the supply voltage or current being continuously controlled by a controlling signal, e.g. the controlling signal of a transistor implemented as variable resistor in a supply path for, an IC-block showed amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/534 : Transformer coupled at the input of an amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/537 : A transformer being used as coupling element between two amplifying stages
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/541 : Transformer coupled at the output of an amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/21106 : An input signal being distributed in parallel over the inputs of a plurality of power amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/21142 : Output signals of a plurality of power amplifiers are parallel combined to a common output
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/19 : with semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/193 : with field-effect devices H03F3/195 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/195 : in integrated circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/21 : with semiconductor devices only H03F3/245 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/211 : using a combination of several amplifiers H03F3/60 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/213 : in integrated circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/24 : of transmitter output stages
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/245 : with semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/265 : with field-effect transistors only
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45179 : using MOSFET transistors as the active amplifying circuit H03F3/45278 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/68 : Combinations of amplifiers, e.g. multi-channel amplifiers for stereophonics power amplifiers using a combination of several semiconductor amplifiers H03F3/211; combinations of amplifiers using coupling networks with distributed constants H03F3/602
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/0475 : with means for limiting noise, interference or distortion H04B1/0483 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/40 : Circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/44 : Transmit/receive switching
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/045 : with means for improving efficiency
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/0002 : analog front ends; means for connecting modulators, demodulators or transceivers to a transmission line duplex arrangements H04L5/143
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 30/70 : in wireless communication networks

Abstract

A novel and useful radio frequency (RF) front end module (FEM) circuit that provides high linearity and power efficiency and meets the requirements of modern wireless communication standards such as 802.11 WLAN, 3G and 4G cellular standards, Bluetooth, ZigBee, etc. The configuration of the FEM circuit permits the use of common, relatively low cost semiconductor fabrication techniques such as standard CMOS processes. The FEM circuit includes a power amplifier made up of one or more sub-amplifiers having high and low power circuits and whose outputs are combined to yield the total desired power gain. An integrated multi-tap transformer having primary and secondary windings arranged in a novel configuration provide efficient power combining and transfer to the antenna of the power generated by the individual sub-amplifiers.

Claims

1. An integrated circuit transformer, comprising:

a semiconductor substrate for supporting a plurality of layers of an integrated circuit;

a plurality of substantially octagon shaped outer primary windings configured in a linear array pattern;

a plurality of substantially octagon shaped inner primary windings, each inner primary winding routed inside a respective outer primary winding, each outer primary winding electrically coupled to its respective inner primary winding at an input terminal; and

a substantially octagon shaped secondary winding routed between each outer primary winding and inner primary winding, each secondary routing electrically coupled to its neighbor, said routing adapted to maximize power coupling and impedance transformation from said primary windings to said secondary winding.

2. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of center taps, each center tap electrically coupled to its respective outer and inner primary windings.

3. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 1, wherein each outer and inner primary winding is coupled to the output of a radio frequency (RF) power amplifier.

4. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 1, wherein the number of outer primary windings is four and the number of inner primary windings is four.

5. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 1, wherein the input impedance of said transformer is configured to substantially match the output impedance of a preceding power amplifier stage.

6. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 1, wherein the inductance of the combination of outer and inner primary winding of said transformer is configured such that its impedance substantially matches the output impedance of a preceding power amplifier stage.

7. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 1, wherein said transformer is operative to combine the output power of four power amplifiers into a single output load.

8. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 1, wherein said transformer is fabricated using a semiconductor technology selected from the group consisting of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), Silicon Germanium (SiGe) and Gallium Nitride (GaN).

9. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 1, wherein said transformer is adapted to transmit signals conforming to a wireless standard selected from the group consisting of 802.11 WLAN, LTE, WiMAX, HDTV, 3G cellular, 4G cellular and DECT.

10. An integrated circuit transformer, comprising:

a semiconductor substrate for supporting a plurality of layers of an integrated circuit;

a plurality of substantially octagon shaped outer primary windings configured in a linear array pattern, the first and last outer primary windings having an inductance L with remaining outer primary windings having an inductance L+Δ

L;

a plurality of substantially octagon shaped inner primary windings, each inner primary winding routed inside a respective outer primary winding, each outer primary winding electrically coupled to its respective inner primary winding at an input terminal, the first and last inner primary windings having an inductance L with remaining inner primary windings having an inductance L+Δ

L; and

a substantially octagon shaped secondary winding routed between each outer primary winding and inner primary winding, each secondary routing electrically coupled to its neighbor, said routing adapted to maximize power coupling and impedance transformation from said primary windings to said secondary winding.

11. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 10, further comprising a plurality of center taps, each center tap electrically coupled to its respective primary winding.

12. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 10, wherein each primary winding is coupled to the output of a radio frequency (RF) power amplifier.

13. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 10, wherein the number of primary windings is four.

14. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 10, wherein the input impedance of said transformer is configured to substantially match the output impedance of a preceding power amplifier stage.

15. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 10, wherein the inductance of each primary winding of said transformer is configured such that its impedance substantially matches the output impedance of a preceding power amplifier stage.

16. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 10, wherein said transformer is operative to combine the output power of four power amplifiers into a single output load.

17. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 10, wherein said transformer is fabricated using a semiconductor technology selected from the group consisting of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), Silicon Germanium (SiGe) and Gallium Nitride (GaN).

18. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 10, wherein said transformer is adapted to transmit signals conforming to a wireless standard selected from the group consisting of 802.11 WLAN, LTE, WiMAX, HDTV, 3G cellular, 4G cellular and DECT.

19. A integrated circuit transformer, comprising:

a semiconductor substrate for supporting a plurality of layers of an integrated circuit;

a plurality of substantially rectangular shaped outer primary windings configured in a linear array pattern, the first and last primary windings having an inductance L with remaining primary windings having an inductance L+Δ

L; and

a substantially rectangular shaped secondary winding routed around the perimeter of said primary windings, said routing adapted to maximize power coupling and impedance transformation from said primary windings to said secondary winding.

20. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 19, further comprising a plurality of center taps, each center tap electrically coupled to its respective primary winding.

21. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 19, wherein each primary winding is coupled to the output of a radio frequency (RF) power amplifier.

22. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 19, wherein the number of primary windings is four.

23. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 19, wherein the input impedance of said transformer is configured to substantially match the output impedance of a preceding power amplifier stage.

24. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 19, wherein the inductance of each primary winding of said transformer is configured such that its impedance substantially matches the output impedance of a preceding power amplifier stage.

25. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 19, wherein said transformer is operative to combine the output power of four power amplifiers into a single output load.

26. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 19, wherein said transformer is fabricated using a semiconductor technology selected from the group consisting of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), Silicon Germanium (SiGe) and Gallium Nitride (GaN).

27. The integrated circuit transformer according to claim 19, wherein said transformer is adapted to transmit signals conforming to a wireless standard selected from the group consisting of 802.11 WLAN, LTE, WiMAX, HDTV, 3G cellular, 4G cellular and DECT.