STABILIZED WHOLE GRAIN FLOUR AND METHOD OF MAKING
First Claim
1. A method for the production of stabilized whole grain flour comprising:
- a) milling whole grains to obtain an endosperm fraction, a low ash fine bran and genii fraction, and a coarse bran and germ fraction,b) grinding said coarse bran and germ fraction without substantially damaging starch of the coarse bran and germ fraction to obtain a ground coarse bran and germ fraction,c) stabilizing said low ash fine bran and germ fraction and said ground coarse bran and germ fraction, to obtain a stabilized fine bran and germ fraction, andd) combining said stabilized fine bran and germ fraction with said endosperm fraction to obtain a stabilized whole grain flour having a particle size distribution of 0% by weight on a No. 35 (500 micron) U.S. Standard Sieve, and less than or equal to about 20% by weight on a No. 70 (210 micron) U.S, Standard Sieve, wherein said low ash fine bran and germ fraction is from 3% by weight to 15% by weight and is not ground thereby reducing starch damage and increasing production efficiency.
1 Assignment
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Accused Products
Abstract
Stabilized whole grain flours having a fine particle size and which exhibit good baking functionality are produced with high throughput using two bran and germ fractions and an endosperm fraction. One bran and germ fraction is a coarse fraction which is subjected to two stage grinding, but the second bran and germ fraction is a low ash, fine bran and germ fraction which is sufficiently fine so that it does not need to be subjected to grinding thereby reducing starch damage and increasing production with reduced grinding equipment load. Portions of the coarse bran and germ fraction which are ground in the first grinding stage to a sufficient fineness are separated out and not subjected to additional grinding further reducing starch damage and increasing production. The bran and germ fractions may be combined, subjected to stabilization, and combined with the endosperm fraction to obtain a stabilized whole grain flour.
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Citations
48 Claims
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1. A method for the production of stabilized whole grain flour comprising:
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a) milling whole grains to obtain an endosperm fraction, a low ash fine bran and genii fraction, and a coarse bran and germ fraction, b) grinding said coarse bran and germ fraction without substantially damaging starch of the coarse bran and germ fraction to obtain a ground coarse bran and germ fraction, c) stabilizing said low ash fine bran and germ fraction and said ground coarse bran and germ fraction, to obtain a stabilized fine bran and germ fraction, and d) combining said stabilized fine bran and germ fraction with said endosperm fraction to obtain a stabilized whole grain flour having a particle size distribution of 0% by weight on a No. 35 (500 micron) U.S. Standard Sieve, and less than or equal to about 20% by weight on a No. 70 (210 micron) U.S, Standard Sieve, wherein said low ash fine bran and germ fraction is from 3% by weight to 15% by weight and is not ground thereby reducing starch damage and increasing production efficiency. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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19. A method for producing a stabilized whole grain flour without substantially damaging starch comprising:
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a) milling whole grains to obtain an endosperm fraction, a low ash fine bran and germ fraction which is not subjected to further particle size reduction, and a coarse bran and germ fraction which is subjected to further particle size reduction, b) grinding said coarse bran and germ fraction using a two stage grinding process, wherein a first grinding stage comprises particle-to-particle collisions and a second grinding stage comprises grinding by mechanical size reduction and wherein particles finer than a first particle fineness are not subjected to said second grinding stage, to produce a ground coarse bran and germ fraction, c) stabilizing said ground coarse bran and germ fraction and said low ash fine bran and germ fraction, to obtain a stabilized fine bran and germ fraction which has a sodium carbonate-water solvent retention capacity of less than 200%, and d) combining said stabilized fine bran and germ fraction with said endosperm fraction to obtain a stabilized whole grain flour which has a sodium carbonate-water solvent retention capacity of less than 90% and a hexanal content of less than about 10 ppm after 1 month accelerated storage at 95°
C., based upon the weight of the stabilized whole grain flour. - View Dependent Claims (20, 21)
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22. A method for increasing the production of a stabilized bran component without substantially damaging starch comprising:
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a) milling whole grains to obtain an endosperm fraction, a low ash fine bran and germ fraction which is not subjected to further particle size reduction, and a coarse bran and germ fraction which is subjected to further particle size reduction, b) grinding said coarse bran and germ fraction to obtain a first ground coarse bran and germ fraction and a second ground coarse bran and germ fraction, wherein grinding of said coarse bran and germ fraction to obtain said second ground coarse fraction. comprises a first grinding stage and a second grinding stage, said first grinding stage comprising grinding by particle-to-particle collisions, and said second grinding stage comprising grinding by mechanical size reduction, said first grinding stage producing both said first ground coarse bran and germ fraction, and a first stage ground coarse fraction, wherein said first stage ground coarse fraction is subjected to said second grinding stage to obtain said second ground coarse fraction, and said first ground coarse fraction is not subjected to said second grinding stage, c) combining said low ash bran and germ fraction, said first ground coarse bran and germ fraction, and said second ground coarse bran and germ fraction to obtain a combined fine bran and germ fraction, and d) stabilizing said combined fine bran and germ fraction to obtain a stabilized combined fine bran and germ fraction. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24)
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25. A stabilized whole grain flour comprising bran, germ and endosperm, the stabilized whole grain flour having:
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a. a lipase activity of less than 250 units/g/hour of the stabilized whole grain flour, where a unit is the number of micromoles (jam) of 4-methylumbelliferyl heptanonate (4-MUH) hydrolyzed per hour per gram of stabilized whole grain flour, b. an acrylamide content less than 45 ppb, based upon the weight of stabilized whole grain flour, c. a sodium carbonate-water solvent retention capacity (SRC sodium carbonate) of less than 90%, d. a free fatty acid content of less than 10% by weight of total flour lipids at three months or less than 3,000 ppm, based upon the weight of the stabilized whole grain flour, and e. a hexanal content of less than 10 ppm after 1 month accelerated storage at 95°
C., based upon the weight of the stabilized whole grain flour, and a particle size distribution of 0% by weight on a No. 35 (500 micron) U.S. Standard Sieve, and less than or equal to about 10% by weight on a No. 70 (210 micron) U.S. Standard Sieve. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34)
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35. A stabilized bran component comprising bran, germ and starch, the amount of bran being at least 50% by weight, and the amount of starch being from 1.0% by weight to 40% by weight, based upon the weight of the stabilized bran component, the stabilized bran component having:
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a. a particle size distribution of less than or equal to 15% by weight on a No. 35 (500 micron) U.S. Standard Sieve, and greater than or equal to 75% by weight less than or equal to 149 microns, b. a lipase activity of less than 250 units/Whour of the stabilized bran component, where a unit is the number of micromoles (˜
tm) of 4-methylumbelliferyl heptanonate (4-MUH) hydrolyzed per hour per gram of stabilized bran component,c. an acrylamide content less than or equal to 150 ppb, based upon the weight of the stabilized bran component, d. a starch melting enthalpy of greater than 2 J/g, based upon the weight of the stabilized ground coarse fraction, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), at a peak temperature of from 60°
C. to 65°
C., ande. a sodium carbonate-water solvent retention capacity (SRC sodium carbonate) of less than 200%. - View Dependent Claims (36, 37)
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38. A method for producing stabilized whole grain flour including endosperm, bran and germ, without substantially damaging starch comprising:
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a) milling whole grains to obtain an endosperm fraction, a low ash fine bran and germ fraction and a coarse bran and germ fraction having a residue of endosperm, b) grinding said coarse bran and germ fraction including said endosperm residue in an amount of 5-10% of the endosperm in the whole grains, to minimize starch damage and produce a ground coarse bran and germ fraction, c) hydrating said ground coarse bran and germ fraction and said low ash fine bran and germ fraction to a moisture content of 10% to 20% by weight, based upon the weight of the fraction, d) subjecting up to 10% of said endosperm residue from said ground coarse bran and germ fraction to stabilization to avoid starch gelatinization, and e) subjecting 80-100% of the bran and germ to stabilization to reduce lipase and lipxoygenase activity, to produce a stabilized whole grain flour which has a sodium carbonate-water solvent retention capacity of less than 90% and a hexarial content of less than about 10 ppm after 1 month accelerated storage at 95°
C., based upon the weight of the stabilized whole grain flour.
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39. A method for the production of stabilized whole grain flour comprising:
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a) milling whole grains to obtain an endosperm fraction, a low ash fine bran and germ fraction, and a coarse bran and germ fraction, b) grinding said coarse bran and germ fraction without substantially damaging starch of said coarse bran and germ fraction to obtain a ground coarse bran and germ fraction, (c) hydrating said endosperm fraction to obtain a moisture content of from 10% to 14.5% by weight, based upon the weight of said endosperm fraction, (d) hydrating said ground coarse bran and germ fraction to obtain a moisture content of from 10% to 20% by weight, based up on the weight of said ground coarse bran and germ fraction; e) stabilizing said low ash fine bran and germ fraction and said ground coarse bran and germ fraction, to obtain a stabilized combined fine bran and germ fraction, and f) combining said stabilized fine bran and germ fraction with said endosperm fraction to obtain a stabilized whole grain flour with reduced starch damage.
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40. A method for the production of stabilized whole grain flour comprising:
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a) milling whole grains to obtain an endosperm fraction, a low ash fine bran and germ fraction, and a coarse bran and germ fraction, b) grinding said coarse bran and germ fraction using a two-stage grinding process, wherein a first grinding stage comprises grinding by particle-to-particle collisions and a second grinding stage comprises grinding by mechanical size reduction, wherein particles of a first particle fineness are sorted during or after said first grinding stage and not subjected to said second grinding stage, to create a ground coarse bran and germ fraction with reduced starch damage, d) stabilizing said low ash fine bran and germ fraction and said ground coarse bran and germ fraction, to obtain a stabilized combined fine bran and germ fraction, and e) combining said stabilized combined fine bran and germ fraction with said endosperm fraction to obtain a stabilized whole grain flour with reduced starch damage. - View Dependent Claims (41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47)
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48. A method of milling bran and germ from whole grain, comprising:
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a) milling a low ash fine bran and germ fraction, and a coarse bran and germ fraction, b) grinding said coarse bran and germ fraction without substantially damaging starch of said coarse bran and germ fraction to obtain a ground coarse bran and germ fraction, (c) hydrating said ground coarse bran and germ fraction to obtain a moisture content of from 10% to 20% by weight, based up on the weight of said ground coarse bran and germ fraction, and d) stabilizing said low ash fine bran and germ fraction and said ground coarse bran and germ fraction, to obtain a stabilized fine bran and germ fraction, which has a sodium carbonate-water solvent retention capacity (SRC sodium carbonate) of less than about 200%.
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Specification