GRADIENT NANOPARTICLE-CARBON ALLOTROPE POLYMER COMPOSITE

• US 20140113086A1
• Filed: 09/27/2013
• Published: 04/24/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 10/18/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Greenhill AntiBallistics Corporation
• Original Assignee: Greenhill AntiBallistics Corporation
• Inventors: Greenhill, Zachary R., Belbruno, Joseph J.
• Granted Patent: US 9,982,736 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 428/34.1
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2264/0235 Aromatic vinyl resin, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2264/102 Oxide or hydroxide
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2264/108 Carbon, e.g. graphite particles
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2307/558 Impact strength, toughness
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2437/04 Caps, helmets
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2571/02 defensive, e.g. armour plates, anti-ballistic clothing camouflage nets B32B2459/00
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2605/00 Vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/14 next to a particulate layer
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/365 comprising polycarbonates
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 5/16 characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules layer formed of natural mineral particles B32B19/00; layer being formed of wood fibres, chips or particles B32B21/02
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 5/30 one layer being formed of particles, e.g. chips, granules, powder
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 9/007 comprising carbon, e.g. graphite, composite carbon
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 9/048 made of particles
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: C09D 1/00 Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
• CPC Class Codes: F16F 7/00 Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using fluid F16F5/00, F16F9/00; specific for rotary systems F16F15/10 ; belt tensioners F16H7/12
• CPC Class Codes: F41H 1/02 Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics F41H5/04 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F41H 1/04 Protection helmets crash helmets A42B3/00
• CPC Class Codes: F41H 1/08 of plastics; Plastic head-shields
• CPC Class Codes: F41H 5/04 composed of more than one layer outerwear resistant to mechanical aggressions A41D31/24; layered products B32B; shaping reinforced articles B29C67/00
• CPC Class Codes: F41H 7/04 : Armour construction in general F41H5/00
• CPC Class Codes: F42D 5/045 : Detonation-wave absorbing or damping means
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/13 : Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/25 : Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/256 : Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/30 : Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer

Abstract

Systems and methods are provided for protective devices. A protective equipment device may include a high mass member; and a nanoparticle shock wave attenuating material layer disposed on the high mass member. The nanoparticle shock wave attenuating material layer may include a gradient nanoparticle layer including a plurality of nanoparticles of different diameters that are arranged in a gradient array; and a carbon allotrope layer disposed in proximity to the gradient nanoparticle layer, the carbon allotrope layer comprising a plurality of carbon allotrope members suspended in a matrix.

Claims

1. A shockwave attenuating material for a device, the shockwave attenuating material comprising:

a plurality of shock attenuating layers applied to at least a portion of a surface of a device, each shock attenuating layer comprising;

(i) a plurality of nanoparticle layers, wherein each nanoparticle layer comprises nanoparticles of approximately the same diameter, wherein at least two of the nanoparticle layers comprise nanoparticles of different diameters; and

(ii) at least one carbon allotrope layer disposed in proximity to at least one of the nanoparticle layers, the at least one carbon allotrope layer comprising a plurality of carbon allotrope members suspended in a matrix.

2. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 1, wherein the carbon allotrope layer is disposed adjacent to the at least one of the nanoparticle layers.

3. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 1, wherein the plurality of shock attenuating layers comprises at least 3 nanoparticle layers and at least 3 carbon allotrope layers.

4. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 1, wherein the carbon allotrope members are selected from a list of carbon allotropes consisting of:

graphene sheets, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, functionalized graphene sheets, functionalized carbon nanotubes, functionalized fullerenes and combinations thereof.

5. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 1, wherein the surface is a casing for an electronic device.

6. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 1, wherein the plurality of shock attenuating layers comprises a particle layer with particles of approximately 160 nm to approximately 320 nm in diameter, a carbon allotrope layer, and a particle layer with particles of approximately 200 nm to approximately 400 nm in diameter.

7. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 6, wherein the unit of the particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm to approximately 320 nm in diameter, the carbon allotrope layer, and the particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm to approximately 400 nm in diameter is repeated approximately 25-300 times.

8. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 1, wherein the plurality of shock attenuating layers comprises approximately 5 pairs of a particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm to approximately 320 nm in diameter and a particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm to approximately 400 nm in diameter.

9. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 8, wherein the unit of the approximately 5 pairs of particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm to approximately 320 nm in diameter and the particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm to approximately 400 nm in diameter is repeated approximately 10-40 times.

10. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 1, wherein the plurality of shock attenuating layers comprises a particle layer with particles approximately 110 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 130 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 220 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 130 nm in diameter, and a particle layer with particles approximately 110 nm in diameter.

11. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 10, wherein the unit of the particle layer with particles approximately 110 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 130 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 220 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 130 nm in diameter, and the particle layer with particles approximately 110 nm in diameter particle layer is repeated at least once.

12. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of nanoparticle layers comprises radio frequency shielding particles that are a metal with high conductivity or an alloy with high permeability.

13. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 12, wherein the radio frequency shielding particles are selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, nickel-iron alloys, aluminum alloys, and combinations thereof.

14. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 12, wherein the plurality of shock attenuating layers comprises a carbon allotrope layer, a radio frequency shielding particle layer with particles approximately 5 nm to approximately 500 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm to approximately 320 in diameter, a carbon allotrope layer, and a particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm to approximately 400 nm in diameter.

15. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 14, wherein the unit of the carbon allotrope layer, the radio frequency shielding particle layer with particles approximately 5 nm to approximately 500 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm to approximately 320 in diameter, the carbon allotrope layer, and the particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm to approximately 400 nm in diameter is repeated approximately 25-300 times.

16. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 12, wherein the plurality of shock attenuating layers comprises a carbon allotrope layer, a radio frequency shielding particle layer with particles approximately 5 nm to approximately 500 nm in diameter, a carbon allotrope layer, a particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm to approximately 320 nm in diameter, a carbon allotrope layer, a particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm to approximately 400 nm in diameter.

17. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 16, wherein the unit of the carbon allotrope layer, the radio frequency shielding particle layer with particles approximately 5 nm to approximately 500 nm in diameter, the carbon allotrope layer, the particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm to approximately 320 nm in diameter, the carbon allotrope layer, the particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm to approximately 400 nm in diameter is repeated approximately 10-40 times.

18. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 12, wherein the plurality of shock attenuating layers comprises a carbon allotrope layer, a radio frequency shielding particle layer with particles approximately 5 nm to approximately 500 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 110 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 130 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 220 nm particle layer, a particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 130 nm in diameter, and a particle layer with particles approximately 110 nm in diameter.

19. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 18, wherein the unit of a carbon allotrope layer, the radio frequency shielding particle layer with particles approximately 5 nm to approximately 500 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 110 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 130 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 220 nm particle layer, the particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 130 nm in diameter, and the particle layer with particles approximately 110 nm in diameter is repeated at least once.

20. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 12, wherein the plurality of shock attenuating layers comprises a carbon allotrope layer, a radio frequency shielding particle layer with particles approximately 5 nm to approximately 500 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 110 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 130 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 220 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 130 nm in diameter, and a particle layer with particles approximately 110 nm in diameter.

21. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 20, wherein the unit of the carbon allotrope layer, the radio frequency shielding particle layer with particles approximately 5 nm to approximately 500 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 110 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 130 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 220 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 130 nm in diameter, and the particle layer with particles approximately 110 nm in diameter is repeated at least once.

22. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 12, wherein the plurality of shock attenuating layers comprises a carbon allotrope layer, a radio frequency shielding particle layer with particles approximately 5 nm to approximately 500 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 160 to approximately 320 in diameter, and a particle layer with particles approximately 200-400 nm in diameter.

23. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 22, wherein the unit of the carbon allotrope layer, the radio frequency shielding particle layer with particles approximately 5 nm to approximately 500 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 160 to approximately 320 in diameter, and the particle layer with particles approximately 200-400 nm in diameter is repeated at least once.

24. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 12, wherein the plurality of shock attenuating layers comprises a carbon allotrope layer, a radio frequency shielding particle layer with particles approximately 5 nm-500 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm-320 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 200-400 nm in diameter, a radio frequency shielding particle layer with particles approximately 5 nm-500 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm-320 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 200-400 nm in diameter, a radio frequency shielding particle layer with particles approximately 5 nm-500 nm in diameter, a particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm-320 nm in diameter, and a particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm-400 nm in diameter.

25. The shockwave attenuating material of claim 24, wherein the unit of the carbon allotrope layer, the radio frequency shielding particle layer with particles approximately 5 nm-500 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm-320 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 200-400 nm in diameter, the radio frequency shielding particle layer with particles approximately 5 nm-500 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm-320 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 200-400 nm in diameter, the radio frequency shielding particle layer with particles approximately 5 nm-500 nm in diameter, the particle layer with particles approximately 160 nm-320 nm in diameter, and the particle layer with particles approximately 200 nm-400 nm in diameter is repeated at least once.

26. A sports protective equipment device, comprising:

a high mass member; and

a nanoparticle shock wave attenuating material layer disposed on the high mass member, the nanoparticle shock wave attenuating material layer comprising;

(i) a gradient nanoparticle layer comprising a plurality of nanoparticles of different diameters that are arranged in a gradient array; and

(ii) a carbon allotrope layer disposed in proximity to the gradient nanoparticle layer, the carbon allotrope layer comprising a plurality of carbon allotrope members suspended in a matrix.

27. The sports protective equipment device of claim 26, wherein the high mass member comprises a material selected from a list of materials consisting of:

ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polycarbonate, expanded polypropylene, vinyl nitrile, ABS plastic, para-aramid synthetic fiber composite, a carbon fiber composite, and combinations thereof.

28. The sports protective equipment device of claim 26, wherein the plurality of shock attenuating layers comprises at least 3 gradient nanoparticle layers and at least 3 carbon allotrope layers.

29. The sports protective equipment device of claim 26, wherein the carbon allotrope members are selected from a list of carbon allotropes consisting of:

graphene sheets, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, functionalized graphene sheets, functionalized carbon nanotubes, functionalized fullerenes and combinations thereof.

30. The sports protective equipment device of claim 26, wherein the carbon allotrope layer is disposed adjacent to the gradient nanoparticle layer.