Question and Answer System Providing Indications of Information Gaps

• US 20140120513A1
• Filed: 10/25/2012
• Published: 05/01/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 10/25/2012
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Jenkins, Jana H., Steinmetz, David C., Zadrozny, Wlodek W.
• Application Number:
  US13/660,711
• Publication Number:
  US 20140120513A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 434/362
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/237 Lexical tools

Abstract

Mechanisms are provided for identifying information gaps in electronic content. These mechanisms receive the electronic content to be analyzed and analyze the electronic content to identify at least one of topics or questions within the electronic content to produce a collection of at least one of topics or questions associated with the electronic content. These mechanisms further compare the collection to the electronic content, and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content. Moreover, the mechanisms output a notification of the set of information gaps to a user associated with the electronic content.

Claims

1. A method, in a data processing system, for identifying information gaps in electronic content, comprising:

receiving, in the data processing system, the electronic content to be analyzed;

analyzing, by the data processing system, the electronic content to identify at least one of topics or questions within the electronic content to produce a collection of at least one of topics or questions associated with the electronic content;

comparing, by the data processing system, the collection to the electronic content, and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content; and

outputting, by the data processing system, a notification of the set of information gaps to a user associated with the electronic content.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein if the previously analyzed electronic content provides a higher scored answer for a question in the collection, than a score for an answer to the question in the electronic content, an information gap is detected.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of information gaps is selected from the group consisting of section content that does not match container content indications, incomplete coverage of logically related operations, prerequisites inconsistently listed for similar tasks, topics with similar content that could be linked but are not, inconsistencies in topic types and content, and missing and inconsistent definitions of terms and acronyms.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing comprises determining that the collection contains a first subset of questions which has a higher scored answer from the previously analyzed electronic content and a second subset of questions which has a higher scored answer from the electronic content, to produce an indication that implicit knowledge of the previously analyzed electronic content is potentially required to understand the electronic content.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the collection to the electronic content and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content comprises:

comparing a parent topic of the electronic content to at least one of a child topic or a sibling topic to determine whether the at least one of a child topic or sibling topic is related to the parent topic;

in response to a determination that the at least one of a child topic or sibling topic is not related to the parent topic, determining that a topic mismatch information gap exists; and

adding an identifier of the topic mismatch information gap to the set of information gaps in response to a determination that a topic mismatch information gap exists.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the collection to the electronic content, and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content comprises:

comparing topics found within the electronic content to a listing of related topics;

determining whether a related topic, in the listing of related topics, corresponding to the topics found within the electronic content, is also present in the electronic content;

determining that a related topic information gap exists in the electronic content in response to a determination that the related topic is not present in the electronic content; and

adding an identifier of the related topic information gap to the set of information gaps in response to a determination that a related topic information gap exists.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the collection to the electronic content, and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content comprises:

comparing task topics found within the electronic content, as part of the identified topics in the electronic content, to each other to identify related task topics in the electronic content;

determining whether one or more of the task topics comprises a pre-requisite;

determining whether one or more related task topics in the electronic content do not comprise the pre-requisite to identify a pre-requisite information gap; and

adding an identifier of the pre-requisite information gap to the set of information gaps in response to a determination that a pre-requisite information gap exists.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the collection to the electronic content, and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content comprises:

comparing topics found within the electronic content, as part of the identified topics in the electronic content, to each other to identify related topics that should be linked but are not linked within the electronic content;

determining whether one or more related topics in the electronic document are not linked within the electronic content to identify a linked topic information gap; and

adding an identifier of the linked topic information gap to the set of information gaps in response to a determination that a linked topic information gap exists.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the collection to the electronic content, and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content comprises:

comparing topics found within the electronic content, as part of the identified topics in the electronic content, to each other to similar topics classified as different types of topics;

determining whether one or more similar topics in the electronic document are specified as having a different topic type to identify a topic type inconsistency information gap; and

adding an identifier of the topic type inconsistency information gap to the set of information gaps in response to a determination that a topic type inconsistency information gap exists.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the collection to the electronic content, and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content comprises:

comparing terms in topics found within the electronic content, as part of the identified topics in the electronic content, to each inconsistent or missing definitions of these terms in the electronic content;

determining whether one or more inconsistent or missing definitions of terms in topics of the electronic document are present to identify a definition information gap; and

adding an identifier of the definition information gap to the set of information gaps in response to a determination that a definition information gap exists.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the terms are acronyms.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the collection to the electronic content, and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content comprises:

identifying images within the electronic content;

determining whether there is an information gap associated with alternative text associated with the images to thereby identify an image information gap; and

adding an identifier of the image information gap to the set of information gaps in response to a determination that an image information gap exists.

13. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having a computer readable program stored therein, wherein the computer readable program, when executed on a computing device, causes the computing device to:

receive electronic content to be analyzed;

analyze the electronic content to identify at least one of topics or questions within the electronic content to produce a collection of at least one of topics or questions associated with the electronic content;

compare the collection to the electronic content, and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content; and

output a notification of the set of information gaps to a user associated with the electronic content.

14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein if the previously analyzed electronic content provides a higher scored answer for a question, in the collection, than a score for an answer to the question in the electronic content, an information gap is detected.

15. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the set of information gaps is selected from the group consisting of section content that does not match container content indications, incomplete coverage of logically related operations, prerequisites inconsistently listed for similar tasks, topics with similar content that could be linked but are not, inconsistencies in topic types and content, and missing and inconsistent definitions of terms and acronyms.

16. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein comparing comprises determining that the collection contains a first subset of questions which has a higher scored answer from the previously analyzed electronic content and a second subset of questions which has a higher scored answer from the electronic content, to produce an indication that implicit knowledge of the previously analyzed electronic content is potentially required to understand the electronic content.

17. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein comparing the collection to the electronic content, and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content comprises:

comparing a parent topic of the electronic content to at least one of a child topic or a sibling topic to determine whether the at least one of a child topic or sibling topic is related to the parent topic;

in response to a determination that the at least one of a child topic or sibling topic is not related to the parent topic, determining that a topic mismatch information gap exists; and

adding an identifier of the topic mismatch information gap to the set of information gaps in response to a determination that a topic mismatch information gap exists.

18. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein comparing the collection to the electronic content, and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content comprises:

comparing topics found within the electronic content to a listing of related topics;

determining whether a related topic, in the listing of related topics, corresponding to the topics found within the electronic content, is also present in the electronic content;

determining that a related topic information gap exists in the electronic content in response to a determination that the related topic is not present in the electronic content; and

adding an identifier of the related topic information gap to the set of information gaps in response to a determination that a related topic information gap exists.

19. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein comparing the collection to the electronic content, and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content comprises:

comparing task topics found within the electronic content, as part of the identified topics in the electronic content, to each other to identify related task topics in the electronic content;

determining whether one or more of the task topics comprises a pre-requisite;

determining whether one or more related task topics in the electronic content do not comprise the pre-requisite to identify a pre-requisite information gap; and

adding an identifier of the pre-requisite information gap to the set of information gaps in response to a determination that a pre-requisite information gap exists.

20. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein comparing the collection to the electronic content, and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content comprises:

comparing topics found within the electronic content, as part of the identified topics in the electronic content, to each other to identify related topics that should be linked but are not linked within the electronic content;

determining whether one or more related topics in the electronic document are not linked within the electronic content to identify a linked topic information gap; and

adding an identifier of the linked topic information gap to the set of information gaps in response to a determination that a linked topic information gap exists.

21. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein comparing the collection to the electronic content, and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content comprises:

comparing topics found within the electronic content, as part of the identified topics in the electronic content, to each other to similar topics classified as different types of topics;

determining whether one or more similar topics in the electronic document are specified as having a different topic type to identify a topic type inconsistency information gap; and

adding an identifier of the topic type inconsistency information gap to the set of information gaps in response to a determination that a topic type inconsistency information gap exists.

22. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein comparing the collection to the electronic content, and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content comprises:

comparing terms in topics found within the electronic content, as part of the identified topics in the electronic content, to each inconsistent or missing definitions of these terms in the electronic content;

determining whether one or more inconsistent or missing definitions of terms in topics of the electronic document are present to identify a definition information gap; and

adding an identifier of the definition information gap to the set of information gaps in response to a determination that a definition information gap exists.

23. The computer program product of claim 22, wherein the terms are acronyms.

24. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein comparing the collection to the electronic content, and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content comprises:

identifying images within the electronic content;

determining whether there is an information gap associated with alternative text associated with the images to thereby identify an image information gap; and

adding an identifier of the image information gap to the set of information gaps in response to a determination that an image information gap exists.

25. An apparatus, comprising:

a processor; and

a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory comprises instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to;

receive electronic content to be analyzed;

analyze the electronic content to identify at least one of topics or questions within the electronic content to produce a collection of at least one of topics or questions associated with the electronic content;

compare the collection to the electronic content, and to a corpus of previously analyzed electronic content, to produce a set of information gaps in the electronic content; and

output a notification of the set of information gaps to a user associated with the electronic content.