AQUEOUS REDOX FLOW BATTERIES FEATURING IMPROVED CELL DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

• US 20140138576A1
• Filed: 01/27/2014
• Published: 05/22/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 07/27/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Sun Catalytix Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Reece, Steven Y., King, Evan R., Goeltz, John, Esswein, Arthur J., Amadeo, Desiree D.
• Granted Patent: US 9,382,274 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 252/182.1
• CPC Class Codes: C07F 7/28 Titanium compounds
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/9008 Organic or organo-metallic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/188 by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/20 Indirect fuel cells, e.g. fuel cells with redox couple being irreversible H01M8/18 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

Provided are compositions having the formula

M_nTi(L1)(L2)(L3)

wherein L1 is a catecholate, and L2 and L3 are each independently selected from catecholates, ascorbate, citrate, glycolates, a polyol, gluconate, glycinate, hydroxyalkanoates, acetate, formate, benzoates, malate, maleate, phthalates, sarcosinate, salicylate, oxalate, a urea, polyamine, aminophenolates, acetylacetone or lactate; each M is independently Na, Li, or K; n is 0 or an integer from 1-6. Also provided are energy storage systems.

Claims

1. A composition having the formula

M_nTi(L1)(L2)(L3)

wherein:

L1 is a catecholate, and

L2 and L3 are each independently selected from catecholates, ascorbate, citrate, glycolates, a polyol, gluconate, glycinate, hydroxyalkanoates, acetate, formate, benzoates, malate, maleate, phthalates, sarcosinate, salicylate, oxalate, a urea, polyamine, aminophenolates, acetylacetone or lactate;

each M is independently Na, Li, or K;

n is 0 or an integer from 1-6; and

provided that when both L1 and L2 are a catecholate, L3 is not oxalate, urea, catecholate or acetylacetone.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said catecholate comprises 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene or a mixture thereof.

3. The composition of claim 1, the composition having the formula

M_nTi(catecholate)₂(hydroxycatecholate).

4. The composition of claim 3, wherein said hydroxycatecholate comprises 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene or 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene.

16. A flow battery comprising a composition of claim 1.

5. An aqueous solution, comprising one or more compositions having the formula

M_nTi(L1)(L2)(L3)

wherein:

L1, L2, and L3 are each independently selected from catecholates, ascorbate, citrate, glycolates, polyols, gluconate, glycinate, hydroxyalkanoates, acetate, formate, benzoates, malate, maleate, phthalates, sarcosinate, salicylate, oxalate, ureas, a polyamine, aminophenolates, acetylacetone or lactate;

each M is independently Na, Li, or K;

n is 0 or an integer from 1-6.

wherein, the composition is present in a concentration greater than 0.5 M.

6. The aqueous solution of claim 5, wherein when L1 and L2 are a catecholate, L3 is not oxalate, urea, catecholate or acetylacetone.

7. The aqueous solution of claim 5, wherein said catecholate comprises catecholate, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene or a mixture thereof.

8. The aqueous solution of claim 5, the composition having the formula

M_nTi(catecholate)₂(hydroxycatecholate).

9. The aqueous solution of claim 7, wherein said hydroxycatecholate comprises 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene or 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene.

10. The aqueous solution of claim 5, wherein the composition is of the formula

M_nTi(catecholate)₃.

11. The aqueous solution of claim 5, additionally comprising a buffer.

12. The aqueous solution of claim 11, wherein said buffer is a salt of phosphate, borate, carbonate, silicate, trisaminomethane (tris), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), piperazine-N,N′

-bis(ethanesulfonic acid) (PIPES), and combinations thereof.

13. The aqueous solution of claim 5 having a pH of 1-13.

14. The aqueous solution of claim 5 having a pH of 2-12.

15. The aqueous solution of claim 5 having a pH of 4-10.