BLENDED CATHODE MATERIALS

• US 20140138591A1
• Filed: 01/24/2014
• Published: 05/22/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 07/25/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: A123 Systems Incorporated
• Original Assignee: A123 Systems Incorporated
• Inventors: IOCCO, Rocco, YOON, Sang-Young, CHO, Jeong Ju
• Granted Patent: US 11,127,944 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 252/519.14
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 25/45 containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/364 as mixtures
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/505 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/525 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/5825 Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A positive electroactive material is described, including: a lithium iron manganese phosphate compound having a composition of Li_aFe_1-x-yMn_xD_y(PO₄)_z, wherein 1.0<a≦1.10, 0<x≦0.5, 0≦y≦0.10, 1.0<z≦1.10 and D is selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, V, Nb and combinations thereof; and a lithium metal oxide, wherein the lithium iron manganese phosphate compound is optionally doped with Ti, Zr, Nb, Al, Ta, W, Mg or F. A battery containing the positive electroactive material is also described.

Claims

1. A positive electroactive material, comprising:

a lithium iron manganese phosphate compound having a composition of Li_aFe_1-x-yMn_xD_y(PO₄)_z, wherein 1.0<

a≦

1.10, 0<

x≦

0.5, 0≦

y≦

0.10, 1.0<

z≦

1.10 and D is selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, V, Nb and combinations thereof; and

a lithium metal oxide,

wherein the lithium iron manganese phosphate compound is optionally doped with Ti, Zr, Nb, Al, Ta, W, Mg or F.

2. The positive electrode active material of claim 1, wherein the nanoscale lithium iron manganese phosphate compound is LiFe_1-xMn_xPO₄ and 0.400<

x<

0.500.

3. The positive electrode active material of claim 1, wherein the nanoscale lithium iron manganese phosphate compound is LiFe_1-xMn_xPO₄ and x≦

0.450.

4. The positive electrode active material of claim 1, wherein the nanoscale lithium iron manganese phosphate compound is Li_aFe_1-x-yMn_xD_yPO₄ and x<

0.500 and 0.001<

y<

0.100.

5. The positive electrode active material of claim 1, wherein the nanoscale lithium iron manganese phosphate compound is Li_aFe_1-x-yMn_xD_yPO₄ and x<

0.500 and 0.001<

y<

0.050.

6. The positive electrode active material of claim 1, wherein the nanoscale lithium iron manganese phosphate compound is Li_aFe_1-x-yMn_xCo_yPO₄ and x<

0.500 and 0.001<

y<

0.050.

7. The positive electrode active material of claim 1, wherein the nanoscale lithium iron manganese phosphate compound is Li_aFe_1-x-yMn_xNi_yPO₄ and x<

0.500 and 0.001<

y<

0.050.

8. The positive electrode active material of claim 1, wherein the nanoscale lithium iron manganese phosphate compound is Li_aFe_1-x-yMn_xV_yPO₄ and x<

0.500 and 0.001<

y<

0.050.

9. The positive electrode active material of claim 1, wherein the nanoscale lithium iron manganese phosphate compound is one or more electroactive materials selected from the group consisting of

Li_1.025Fe_0.580Mn_0.400Co_0.020PO₄₅ Li_1.025Fe_0.530Mn_0.450Co_0.020PO₄,

Li_1.025Fe_0.480Mn_0.500Co_0.010Ni_0.010PO₄,

Li_1.050Fe_0.500Mn_0.450Co_0.010Ni_0.010V_0.030(PO₄)_1.025,

Li_1.040Fe_0.560Mn_0.400Co_0.010Ni_0.010V_0.020(PO₄)_1.015,

Li_1.040Fe_0.510Mn_0.450Co_0.010Ni_0.010V_0.020(PO₄)_1.015,

Li_1.030Fe_0.520Mn_0.450Co_0.010Ni_0.010V_0.010(PO₄)_1.005,

Li_1.040Fe_0.510Mn_0.450Co_0.010Ni_0.010V_0.030(PO₄)_1.010F_0.015,

Li_1.000Fe_0.460Mn_0.500Co_0.040PO₄,

Li_1.000Fe_0.460Mn_0.500Co_0.040PO₄,

Li_1.000Fe_0.530Mn_0.450Co_0.010Ni_0.010PO₄,

Li_1.050Fe_0.510Mn_0.450Co_0.0100Ni_0.005V_0.020(PO₄)_1.020,

Li_1.050Fe_0.500Mn_0.450Co_0.010Nb_0.010V_0.030(PO₄)_1.025,

Li_1.040Fe_0.560Mn_0.400Co_0.010Nb_0.010V_0.020(PO₄)_1.015,

Li_1.040Fe_0.510Mn_0.450Co_0.010Nb_0.010V_0.020(PO₄)_1.015,

Li_1.030Fe_0.520Mn_0.450Co_0.010Nb_0.010V_0.010(PO₄)_1.005,

Li_1.040Fe_0.510Mn_0.450Co_0.010Nb_0.010V_0.030(PO₄)_1.010F_0.015, and

Li_1.050Fe_0.510Mn_0.450Co_0.0100Nb_0.005V_0.025(PO₄)_1.020.

10. The positive electrode active material of claim 1, wherein the lithium metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), lithium nickel cobalt magnesium oxide (NCMg), lithium nickel cobalt, manganese oxide (NCM), lithium nickel cobalt rare earth oxide (NCRE), spinel lithium manganese oxide (LMO), layered layered oxide cathode (LLC), lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), layered Mn oxide, and combinations thereof.

11. The positive electrode active material of claim 1, wherein the lithium metal oxide is a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM).

12. The positive electrode active material of claim 1, wherein the lithium metal oxide is a lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA).

13. The positive electrode active material of claim 1, wherein the lithium metal oxide is lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) and the lithium iron manganese phosphate is LiFe_1-xMn_xPO₄ wherein 0.400<

x≦

0.450.

14. The positive electrode active material of claim 1, further comprising additional lithium transition metal polyanion compounds.

15. The positive electrode active material of claim 1, wherein positive electrode active material comprises from about 10-90% of the lithium iron manganese phosphate compound.

16. The positive electrode active material of claim 1, wherein positive electrode active material comprises from about 40-70% of the lithium iron manganese phosphate compound.

17. The positive electrode active material of claim 1, wherein the lithium iron manganese phosphate compound is in the form of particulates having a size of about 100 nm or less.

18. The positive electrode active material of claim 1, wherein the lithium iron manganese phosphate compound is in the form of particulates having a specific surface area greater than about 5 m²/g.

19. The positive electrode active material of claim 1,

wherein the lithium iron manganese phosphate compound is in the form of particulate;

the lithium metal oxide is in the form of particulate; and

the ratio of specific surface areas between the lithium iron manganese phosphate compound and the lithium metal oxide is between 0.5 to 500.

20. A lithium ion battery comprising a positive electrode comprising the positive electrode active material of claim 1.

21. The lithium ion battery of claim 19, further comprising a graphite anode.