RESONANCE-BASED SINGLE INDUCTOR OUTPUT-DRIVEN DC-DC CONVERTER AND METHOD

• US 20140232359A1
• Filed: 09/24/2013
• Published: 08/21/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 02/21/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Inventors: Kunz, Keith E., Dash, Ranjit K.
• Granted Patent: US 9,178,422 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 323/235
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0058 by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero using an auxiliary actively switched resonant commutation circuit connected to an intermediate DC voltage or between two push-pull branches of an inverter bridge H02M7/4811; in resonant inverters H02M7/4815; in inverters operating from a resonant DC source H02M7/4826
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/009 having two or more independently controlled outputs for DC-DC converter with intermediate AC H02M3/33561
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/158 including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A resonance-based DC-DC converter for converting a DC input voltage to a first DC output voltage (V_OUT1) on a output conductor (9) includes an inductor (L) having a first terminal connected to a source (2) of a DC input voltage (V_IN) and a second terminal coupled to a first conductor (4) and a capacitor (C_RES) having a first terminal coupled to the first conductor. A first switch (SW1) is coupled between the resonance conductor and the output conductor to conduct inductor current (I_L) into the output conductor during a first phase (Phase1). A second switch (SW2) is coupled between a second terminal of the capacitor and the output conductor to conduct inductor current through the capacitor into the output conductor (9) during a second phase (Phase2). A third switch (SW3) is coupled between the second terminal (31) of the capacitor and a first reference voltage (GND) to conduct inductor current from a source of the first reference voltage through the capacitor to the input voltage (V_IN) during a third phase (Phase3).

Claims

1. A resonance-based DC-DC converter for converting a DC input voltage to a first DC output voltage on a first output conductor, comprising:

(a) an inductor having a first terminal directly coupled to a source of a DC input voltage and a second terminal coupled to a resonance conductor;

(b) a resonance capacitor having a first terminal coupled to the resonance conductor;

(c) a first switch coupled between the resonance conductor and the first output conductor, for conducting inductor current into the first output conductor during a first phase;

(d) a second switch coupled between a second terminal of the resonance capacitor and the first output conductor, for conducting inductor current through the resonance capacitor into the first output conductor during a second phase; and

(e) a third switch coupled between the second terminal of the resonance capacitor and a first reference voltage for conducting inductor current from a source of the first reference voltage through the resonance capacitor into the source of the input voltage during a third phase.

2. The resonance-based DC-DC converter of claim 1 wherein the first, second, and third switches are unidirectional switches.

3. The resonance-based DC-DC converter of claim 1 wherein none of the first, second, and third switches operates as an input switch of the resonance-based DC-DC converter.

4. The resonance-based DC-DC converter of claim 1 wherein the inductor is external to an integrated circuit chip in which the first, second, and third switches are located.

5. The resonance-based DC-DC converter of claim 1 including control circuitry for controlling the first, second, and third switches in accordance with the first, second, and third phases, wherein the first, second, and third phases are non-overlapping.

6. The resonance-based DC-DC converter of claim 5 wherein the control circuitry closes the first and third switches and opens the second switch during the first phase, opens the first and third switches and closes the second switch during the second phase, and causes the first switch to remain open, opens the second switch, and closes the third switch during the third phase.

7. The resonance-based DC-DC converter of claim 6 wherein the control circuitry includes a first comparator for detecting when the first output voltage is less than a minimum level representative of a second reference voltage to generate a first level of a first signal which causes the control circuitry to control the first, second, and third switches so as to cause the inductor current to charge a first load connected to the first output conductor, the first comparator also detecting when the first output voltage is greater than a maximum level representative of the second reference voltage to generate a second level of the first signal which causes the control circuitry to control the first, second, and third switches so as to prevent the inductor current from further charging the first load.

8. The resonance-based DC-DC converter of claim 7 wherein the control circuitry includes comparing circuitry for detecting zero-crossing occurrences of the inductor current for to determine times at which the first and third switches need to be closed and times at which the second switch needs to be open.

9. The resonance-based DC-DC converter of claim 8 wherein the control circuitry includes an error amplifier for comparing the first output voltage with a minimum level of a resonance voltage of the resonance conductor to generate a difference signal representative of a difference between the first output voltage and the minimum level of the resonance voltage, and wherein the control circuitry also includes voltage-to-delay conversion circuitry for converting the difference signal to a time duration during which the first switch is closed during the first phase.

10. The resonance-based DC-DC converter of claim 5 wherein the control circuitry operates to perform zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS) of the first and second switches.

11. The resonance-based DC-DC converter of claim 5 including

a fourth switch coupled between the resonance conductor and a second output conductor, for conducting inductor current into the second output conductor during the first phase;

and

a fifth switch coupled between the second terminal of the resonance capacitor and the second output conductor, for conducting inductor current through the resonance capacitor into the second output conductor during the second phase, whereby the resonance-based DC-DC converter converts the DC input voltage to a second DC output voltage on the second output conductor.

12. The resonance-based DC-DC converter of claim 11 wherein the control circuitry controls the fourth, fifth, and third switches in accordance with the first, second, and third phases, wherein the first, second, and third phases are non-overlapping.

13. The resonance-based DC-DC converter of claim 12 wherein the control circuitry closes the fourth and third switches and opens the fifth switch during the first phase, closes the fifth switch and opens the fourth and third switches during the second phase, and causes the fourth switch to remain open, opens the fifth switch, and closes the third switch during the third phase.

14. The resonance-based DC-DC converter of claim 13 wherein the control circuitry includes a second comparator for detecting when the second output voltage is less than a minimum level representative of a second reference voltage to generate a first level of a second signal which causes the control circuitry to control the fourth, fifth, and third switches so as to cause the inductor current to charge a second load connected to the second output conductor, the second comparator also detecting when the second output voltage is greater than a maximum level representative of the second reference voltage to generate a second level of the second signal which causes the control circuitry to control the fourth, fifth, and third switches so as to prevent the inductor current from further charging the second load.

15. The resonance-based DC-DC converter of claim 1 including a boosting transistor coupled between the resonance conductor and the first reference voltage and also including a second boosting transistor coupled between the resonance conductor and a second output conductor for producing a boosted output voltage on the second output conductor.

16. A method for converting a DC input voltage to a DC output voltage on an output conductor by means of a resonance-based DC-DC converter, the method comprising:

(a) coupling a first terminal of an inductor directly to a source of the DC input voltage, coupling a second terminal of the inductor to a resonance conductor, and coupling a first terminal of a resonance capacitor to the resonance conductor;

(b) conducting inductor current from the resonance conductor through a first switch into the output conductor during a first phase;

(c) conducting inductor current through the resonance capacitor and a second switch and into the output conductor during a second phase; and

(d) conducting inductor current from a source of a first reference voltage through a third switch, through the resonance capacitor, and through the inductor into the source of the input voltage during a third phase.

17. The method of claim 16 including closing the first and third switches and opening the second switch during the first phase, closing the second switch and opening the first and third switches during the second phase, and causing the first switch to remain open, opening the second switch, and closing the third switch during the third phase.

18. The method of claim 17 including detecting when the output voltage on the output conductor is less than a minimum level representative of a second reference voltage and, in response to the detecting, generating a first level of a signal and controlling the first, second, and third switches in response to the signal so as to cause the inductor current to charge a load connected to the output conductor, and also detecting when the output voltage is greater than a maximum level representative of the second reference voltage, and, in response to that detecting, generating a second level of the signal and controlling the first, second, and third switches in response to that detecting so as to prevent the inductor current from further charging the load.

19. The method of claim 17 including detecting zero-crossing occurrences of the inductor current and, in response to that detecting, determining times at which the first and third switches need to be closed and times at which the second switch needs to be open.

20. The method of claim 17 including comparing the output voltage with a minimum level of a resonance voltage of the resonance conductor to generate a difference signal representative of a difference between the output voltage and the minimum level of the resonance voltage, and converting the difference signal to a time duration during which the first switch is closed during the first phase.

21. A circuit for converting a DC input voltage to a first DC output voltage on a first output conductor by means of a resonance-based DC-DC converter, comprising:

(a) means for coupling a first terminal of an inductor directly to a source of the DC input voltage, means for coupling a second terminal of the inductor to a resonance conductor, and means for coupling a first terminal of a resonance capacitor to the resonance conductor;

(b) means for conducting inductor current from the resonance conductor through a first switch into the first output conductor during a first phase;

(c) means for conducting inductor current through the resonance capacitor and a second switch and into the first output conductor during a second phase; and

(d) means for conducting inductor current from a source of the first reference voltage through a third switch, through the resonance capacitor, and through the inductor into the source of the input voltage during the third phase.