SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR AUTOMATED SCREENING AND PROGNOSIS OF CANCER FROM WHOLE-SLIDE BIOPSY IMAGES
First Claim
1. A method, performed by a processing unit, for computing pixels along object edges and producing a deinterlaced image from an interlaced source, the method comprising:
- performing image filtering on a collected image depending on the nature of noise in the collected image;
smoothing the filtered image using shape-dependent filters;
calculating gradient vectors in the image using different kernels;
selecting an edge angle;
determine threshold values within a local dynamic range,generating several edge maps, andfusing the generated edge maps together.
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Abstract
The invention provides systems and methods for detection, grading, scoring and tele-screening of cancerous lesions. A complete scheme for automated quantitative analysis and assessment of human and animal tissue images of several types of cancers is presented. Various aspects of the invention are directed to the detection, grading, prediction and staging of prostate cancer on serial sections/slides of prostate core images, or biopsy images. Accordingly, the invention includes a variety of sub-systems, which could be used separately or in conjunction to automatically grade cancerous regions. Each system utilizes a different approach with a different feature set. For instance, in the quantitative analysis, textural-based and morphology-based features may be extracted at image- and (or) object-levels from regions of interest. Additionally, the invention provides sub-systems and methods for accurate detection and mapping of disease in whole slide digitized images by extracting new features through integration of one or more of the above-mentioned classification systems. The invention also addresses the modeling, qualitative analysis and assessment of 3-D histopathology images which assist pathologists in visualization, evaluation and diagnosis of diseased tissue. Moreover, the invention includes systems and methods for the development of a tele-screening system in which the proposed computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. In some embodiments, novel methods for image analysis (including edge detection, color mapping characterization and others) are provided for use prior to feature extraction in the proposed CAD systems.
114 Citations
42 Claims
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1. A method, performed by a processing unit, for computing pixels along object edges and producing a deinterlaced image from an interlaced source, the method comprising:
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performing image filtering on a collected image depending on the nature of noise in the collected image; smoothing the filtered image using shape-dependent filters; calculating gradient vectors in the image using different kernels; selecting an edge angle; determine threshold values within a local dynamic range, generating several edge maps, and fusing the generated edge maps together. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 8)
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4. A method for computing the fractal dimension of color images comprising:
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performing a color model transformation by using arbitrary functions operating on the original RGB components of the image; splitting the image in smaller windows and computing for each block the probability of having m points/pixels in a hypercube of the size of the window; estimating the color fractal dimension by using a weighting function and fitting the curve of logarithm of the window sizes against the logarithm of the total number of boxes of each window size needed to cover the image. - View Dependent Claims (6, 9, 10)
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5. A method for carcinomas color region mapping comprising:
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constructing 2-D projections of the RGB color model of a large variety of biopsy images including normal and cancerous tissue; computing 2-D histograms of biopsy images; selecting the most prominent colors by using an algorithm for local maxima location in 3-D surfaces; constructing a color region mapping, in which each color corresponds to one class or tissue structure. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21)
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7. A textural-based system and methods for automatically detecting, classifying, and grading cancerous regions of a histology image comprising:
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performing an image color standardization procedure; forming texture-based feature vectors by using spatial and transforms domain image information along with fractal analysis; selecting the group of features that best describe the images; training a classifier by using the generated feature vectors; classifying histology images according to the Gleason grading system; using the result of classification to determine the Gleason score of the image; assessing the accuracy of the Gleason grading/scoring system by using cross-validation methods.
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14. The systems as claimed in 13, wherein the mapping from 2-D image to 3-D images includes algorithms for 3-D reconstruction from a single 2-D image or from several 2-D slides. The processed images nay be gray scaled or colored images.
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16. A method to obtain a multidimensional Gleason grading wherein a revised Gleason value is generated as follows:
Revised Gleason Value=2D Gleason Grade+3rd Dimensional Core Grade- View Dependent Claims (20, 40)
- 22. A system for cancer prognosis, wherein the pathology report including all the outputs of systems claimed in 7, 9, 11 and 13 is integrated with patient information and PSA analysis results to construct feature vectors. The resulting feature vectors are used to aid pathologists in cancer prognosis, risk assessment and treatment planning.
- 26. A system and methods for cancer tele-screening and diagnosis based on biopsy image and an adjudication scheme, wherein expert pathologists and CAD systems are integrated.
- 30. A method and system constructing an optimal signal detector using a learning algorithm in tandem with a prediction algorithm (which may be one in the same) and data compression algorithm.
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36. A system and method for determining the most likely distribution of Gleason patterns within a query image, comprising:
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the systems of claim in 30, 31 and 33 or 35; determining pairwise uncertainty statistics between pixel scores or grades; forming the uncertainty statistics into a matrix; computing the eigenvalues of said matrix; computing the eigenvectors of said matrix; using all or some of the above features to estimate the most likely current distribution of Gleason patterns within the sample; using all or some of the above features to estimate the most likely future distribution of Gleason patterns within the sample;
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42. A system for cancer prognosis, wherein the pathology report including all the outputs of systems claimed in 30 through 41 is integrated with patient information and PSA analysis results to construct feature vectors. The resulting feature vectors are used to aid pathologists in cancer prognosis, risk assessment and treatment planning.
Specification