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NON-VACUUM METHOD OF MANUFACTURING LIGHT-ABSORBING MATERIALS FOR SOLAR CELL APPLICATION

  • US 20140251435A1
  • Filed: 02/12/2014
  • Published: 09/11/2014
  • Est. Priority Date: 03/07/2013
  • Status: Active Grant
First Claim
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1. A bath formulation for electroplating a Cu—

  • Zn—

    Sn alloy or a Cu/Zn/Sn metal stack on a conductive substrate comprising;

    a) a solvent system that contains sodium and/or potassium salts of citrate mono-/di/tri-basic, said salts of citrate having a concentration ranging from 100 mM to 500 mM;

    b) one or more ionic compounds of copper, zinc, and tin, said ionic compounds being salts of chloride, nitrate or sulfate and having a concentration ranging from 5 mM to 300 mM;

    c) one or more surfactants and aldehydes, said surfactants comprising sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylglycine betaine and Polyethylene glycol (PEG), said aldehydes comprising propenal, aromatic aldehyde, benzaldehyde, formaldehyde, said surfactants and aldehydes having a concentration ranging from 0.1 mM to 10 mM.

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