Systems and Methods to Auto-Adjust Zero Cross Circuits for Switching Regulators

• US 20140300329A1
• Filed: 05/01/2013
• Published: 10/09/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Inventors: Thompson, Matthew Dale, Dong, Hongguang, Arnold, Cory
• Granted Patent: US 9,257,908 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 323/235
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0009 Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0054 Transistor switching losses periodically suspending operation of switching converter in low power mode H02M1/0035
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/156 with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1588 comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 5/1536 Zero-crossing detectors in measuring circuits G01R19/175
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

Various embodiments of the present invention provide for an adaptive and accurate zero cross circuit that can operate without directly sensing an inductor current. Certain embodiments allow adjustment of a zero crossing condition while eliminating the need for a blanking time. In certain embodiments this is accomplished by detecting the effects of turning off a switch on a switching node voltage of a buck converter.

Some embodiments use a counter to lengthen or shorten the delay time between an inductor crossing a zero value and the effect of the switching event. In one embodiment, the effect of the switching event includes a change in the direction of the switching node voltage from which the direction of a current flowing in the buck converter inductor.

Claims

1. An adaptive zero cross circuit comprising:

a sensor configured to receive a node voltage signal in response to a switching event, the sensor detects a variation in the node voltage signal and, in response, generates a first control signal; and

a zero cross delay module coupled to receive the first control signal and output a second control signal, the second control signal is configurable to reduce a delay time between the switching event and a second event.

2. The circuit according to claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a direction information about the node voltage signal.

3. The circuit according to claim 1, wherein the variation comprises the node voltage exceeding a first predetermined threshold value [first predetermined threshold value is below a ground potential].

4. The circuit according to claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a comparator configured to detect the variation and output the first control signal.

5. The circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second control signal is a delay signal.

6. The circuit according to claim 1, wherein the zero cross delay module comprises a counter configured to shorten a time between the switching event and to the second event in a switching cycle following the switching event.

7. The circuit according to claim 6, wherein the counter adjusts the switching event by adjusting a turn-off time of an NMOS transistor within a cycle.

8. The circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second event comprises a crossing of a predetermined value by an inductor current.

9. The circuit according to claim 8, wherein the second control signal is configurable to vary a switching frequency in a manner that causes the crossing.

10. The circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a current sense circuit comprising a sense comparator, the zero cross delay module is configured to adjust one of an offset or a propagation delay of the sense comparator.

11. A current sensing system comprising:

a switching network coupled to a switching node having a switching node voltage, the switching network generates a switching event;

a storage element coupled between the switching node and an output node, the storage element is configured to deliver power to the output node;

a zero cross circuit coupled to the switching network, the zero cross circuit detects a variation in a node voltage signal in response to the switching event

and generates a control signal to adjust a delay time between the switching node voltage exceeding a first predetermined threshold value and the switching event; and

a control logic coupled to the switching network, the control logic controls the switching network in response to an output voltage and the control signal.

12. A method to adjust a zero cross condition, the method comprising:

detecting, in a first cycle, a variation in a node voltage in response to a switching event;

based on the variation, determining a time delay between the switching event and a second event; and

based on the time delay, reducing, in a second cycle, the time delay by adjusting a switching time of the switching event.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein detecting the variation comprises determining whether a node voltage signal exceeds a first predetermined value.

14. The method according to claim 12, wherein adjusting a switching time comprises adjusting a counter to vary an off time of a switch within the second cycle.

15. The method according to claim 12, wherein the second event comprises a crossing of a predetermined value by an inductor current.

16. The method according to claim 12, wherein the switching event comprises turning off an NMOS device.

17. The method according to claim 12, further comprising sensing a current.

18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising determining how far the node voltage deviates from a second predetermined value.

19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising determining a local minimum in an inductor current based on a back body diode voltage.