Methods and Apparatuses for Noninvasive Determinations of Analytes
First Claim
1. An apparatus for determining the presence, concentration, or both, of an analyte based upon a response of tissue to incident light, comprising:
- (a) an illumination subsystem configured to communicate light having a first polarization to a surface of the tissue;
(b) a collection subsystem configured to collect light having a second polarization communicated from the tissue after interaction with the tissue;
wherein the first polarization is different from the second polarization;
(c) a multiplexing spectrometer to measure the collected light at a plurality of wavelengths;
(d) an analysis subsystem configured to determine the presence, concentration, or both, of an analyte from the measured light.
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Abstract
The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for accurate noninvasive determination of tissue properties. Some embodiments of the present invention comprise an optical sampler having an illumination subsystem, adapted to communicate light having a first polarization to a tissue surface; a collection subsystem, adapted to collect light having a second polarization communicated from the tissue after interaction with the tissue; wherein the first polarization is different from the second polarization. The difference in the polarizations can discourage collection of light specularly reflected from the tissue surface, and can encourage preferential collection of light that has interacted with a desired depth of penetration or path length distribution in the tissue. The different polarizations can, as examples, be linear polarizations with an angle between, or elliptical polarizations of different handedness.
51 Citations
28 Claims
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1. An apparatus for determining the presence, concentration, or both, of an analyte based upon a response of tissue to incident light, comprising:
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(a) an illumination subsystem configured to communicate light having a first polarization to a surface of the tissue; (b) a collection subsystem configured to collect light having a second polarization communicated from the tissue after interaction with the tissue;
wherein the first polarization is different from the second polarization;(c) a multiplexing spectrometer to measure the collected light at a plurality of wavelengths; (d) an analysis subsystem configured to determine the presence, concentration, or both, of an analyte from the measured light. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28)
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Specification