Printable Composition of a Liquid or Gel Suspension of Diodes

• US 20140312332A1
• Filed: 07/02/2014
• Published: 10/23/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 05/31/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: NthDegree Technologies Worldwide Inc.
• Original Assignee: NthDegree Technologies Worldwide Inc.
• Inventors: Lowenthal, Mark David, Ray, William Johnstone, Shotton, Neil O., Blanchard, Richard A., Oraw, Brad, Lewandowski, Mark Allan, Baldridge, Jeffrey, Perozziello, Eric Anthony
• Granted Patent: US 9,343,593 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 257/40
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 20/00 Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/95101 in a liquid medium
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 24/95 at chip-level, i.e. with connecting carried out on a plurality of singulated devices, i.e. on diced chips
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 25/0753 the devices being arranged next to each other
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00 Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/09701 Low temperature co-fired ceramic [LTCC]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/12041 LED
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/12042 LASER
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/13033 TRIAC - Triode for Alternating Current - A bidirectional switching device containing two thyristor structures with common gate contact
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/13034 Silicon Controlled Rectifier [SCR]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/1305 Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/1306 Field-effect transistor [FET]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/13062 Junction field-effect transistor [JFET]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/13091 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor [MOSFET]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/14 Integrated circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/0203 Containers; Encapsulations , e.g. encapsulation of photodiodesfor photovoltaic devices H01L31/048; for organic photosensitive devices H10K30/80
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/035236 Superlattices; Multiple quantum well structures
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/105 the potential barrier being of the PIN type
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/1852 comprising a growth substrate not being an AIIIBV compound
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/1856 comprising nitride compounds, e.g. GaN
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 33/0093 : Wafer bonding; Removal of the growth substrate
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 33/20 : with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 33/38 : with a particular shape
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 33/56 : Materials, e.g. epoxy or silicone resin
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 30/88 : Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 50/80 : Constructional details
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 50/805 : Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 50/84 : Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 59/17 : Passive-matrix OLED displays
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 59/90 : Assemblies of multiple devices comprising at least one organic light-emitting element
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 71/00 : Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 71/13 : using printing techniques, e.g. ink-jet printing or screen printing
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 71/15 : characterised by the solvent used
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/544 : Solar cells from Group III-V materials
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/549 : Organic PV cells

Abstract

An exemplary printable composition of a liquid or gel suspension of diodes comprises a plurality of diodes, a first solvent and/or a viscosity modifier. In other exemplary embodiments a second solvent is also included, and the composition has a viscosity substantially between about 100 cps and about 25,000 cps at about 25° C. In an exemplary embodiment, a composition comprises: a plurality of diodes or other two-terminal integrated circuits; one or more solvents comprising about 15% to 99.9% of any of N-propanol, isopropanol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, N-octanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, cyclohexanol, and mixtures thereof; a viscosity modifier comprising about 0.10% to 2.5% methoxy propyl methylcellulose resin or hydroxy propyl methylcellulose resin or mixtures thereof; and about 0.01% to 2.5% of a plurality of substantially optically transparent and chemically inert particles having a range of sizes between about 10 to about 50 microns.

Claims

1. A composition comprising:

a first solvent;

a viscosity modifier; and

a plurality of diodes, each diode of the plurality of diodes substantially hexagonal laterally, having a lateral dimension between about 10 to 50 microns, a height between about 5 to 25 microns, and each diode of the plurality of diodes comprising;

a light emitting or absorbing region having a diameter between about 10 and 50 microns and a height between about 2 to 7 microns;

a first conductive terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a first side, the first conductive terminal having a height less than about 6 microns; and

a second conductive terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a second side opposite the first side, the second conductive terminal having a height less than about 6 microns.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first solvent comprises at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of:

water;

alcohols, cyclic alcohols, ethers, esters, glycols, glycerols, carbonates, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures thereof.

3. The composition of claim 1, further comprising:

a plurality of substantially optically transparent and chemically inert particles having a range of sizes between about 10 to about 50 microns and present in an amount of about 0.1% to 2.5% by weight.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first solvent is present in an amount of about 0.3% to 50% by weight.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity modifier comprises at least one viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of:

a methoxy propyl methylcellulose resin, a hydroxy propyl methylcellulose resin, a polyvinyl polymer, a polyvinyl copolymer, and mixtures thereof.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity modifier is present in an amount of about 0.30% to 5% by weight.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity modifier comprises at least one viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of:

clays, saccharides, polysaccharides, celluloses, modified celluloses, acrylate polymers and copolymers, (meth)acrylate polymers and copolymers, polyvinyl polymers and copolymers, polyethylene polymers and copolymers, ethers, esters, acetates, glycols, glycerols, fumed silica, silica powders, modified ureas, and mixtures thereof.

8. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a second solvent different from the first solvent, wherein the second solvent is at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of:

water;

alcohols, cyclic alcohols, ethers, esters, glycols, glycerols, carbonates, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures thereof.

9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the second solvent is present in an amount of about 0.1% to 50% by weight.

10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially between about 100 cps and about 25,000 cps at about 25°

C.

11. The diode of claim 1, wherein the light emitting or absorbing region of each diode of the plurality of diodes has a surface texture selected from the group consisting of:

a plurality of circular rings, a plurality of substantially curvilinear trapezoids, a plurality of parallel stripes, a stellate pattern, and combinations thereof.

12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first conductive terminal and the second conductive terminal each comprise at least one material selected from the group consisting of:

nickel, gold, aluminum, silver, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, indium-tin oxide, antimony-tin oxide, and mixtures or combinations thereof.

13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first and second conductive terminals are each between about 1 to 6 microns in height.

14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the lateral sides of each diode of the plurality of diodes are substantially sigmoidal and terminate in a curved point.

15. The composition of claim 1, wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes comprises at least one inorganic semiconductor selected from the group consisting of:

silicon, gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium nitride (GaN), GaP, InAlGaP, AlInGaAs, InGaNAs, AlInGaSb, and mixtures thereof.

16. The composition of claim 1, wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes comprises at least one organic semiconductor selected from the group consisting of:

π

-conjugated polymers, poly(acetylene)s, poly(pyrrole)s, poly(thiophene)s, polyanilines, polythiophenes, poly(p-phenylene sulfide), poly(para-phenylene vinylene)s (PPV) and PPV derivatives, poly(3-alkylthiophenes), polyindole, polypyrene, polycarbazole, polyazulene, polyazepine, poly(fluorene)s, polynaphthalene, polyaniline, polyaniline derivatives, polythiophene, polythiophene derivatives, polypyrrole, polypyrrole derivatives, polythianaphthene, polythianaphthane derivatives, polyparaphenylene, polyparaphenylene derivatives, polyacetylene, polyacetylene derivatives, polydiacethylene, polydiacetylene derivatives, polyparaphenylenevinylene, polyparaphenylenevinylene derivatives, polynaphthalene, polynaphthalene derivatives, polyisothianaphthene (PITN), polyheteroarylenvinylene (ParV) in which the heteroarylene group is thiophene, furan or pyrrol, polyphenylene-sulphide (PPS), polyperinaphthalene (PPN), polyphthalocyanine (PPhc), and their derivatives, copolymers thereof and mixtures thereof.

18. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first solvent comprises at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of:

water;

alcohols, cyclic alcohols, ethers, esters, glycols, glycerols, carbonates, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures thereof.

19. The composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity modifier comprises at least one viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of:

clays, saccharides, polysaccharides, celluloses, modified celluloses, acrylate polymers and copolymers, (meth)acrylate polymers and copolymers, polyvinyl polymers and copolymers, polyethylene polymers and copolymers, ethers, esters, acetates, glycols, glycerols, fumed silica, silica powders, modified ureas, and mixtures thereof.

20. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a second solvent different from the first solvent, wherein the second solvent is at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of:

water;

alcohols, cyclic alcohols, ethers, esters, glycols, glycerols, carbonates, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures thereof.

21. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first conductive terminal and the second conductive terminal each comprise at least one material selected from the group consisting of:

nickel, gold, aluminum, silver, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, indium-tin oxide, antimony-tin oxide, and mixtures or combinations thereof.

17. A composition comprising:

a first solvent;

a viscosity modifier; and

a plurality of diodes, each diode of the plurality of diodes substantially hexagonal laterally, having a lateral dimension between about 10 to 50 microns, a height between about 5 to 25 microns, and each diode of the plurality of diodes comprising;

a light emitting or absorbing region having a diameter between about 10 and 50 microns, a height between about 2 to 7 microns, and comprises at least one inorganic semiconductor selected from the group consisting of;

silicon, gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium nitride (GaN), GaP, InAlGaP, AlInGaAs, InGaNAs, AlInGaSb, and mixtures thereof;

a first conductive terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a first side, the first conductive terminal having a height less than about 6 microns; and

a second conductive terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a second side opposite the first side, the second conductive terminal having a height less than about 6 microns;

wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially between about 100 cps and about 25,000 cps at about 25°

C.

22. A composition comprising:

a first solvent;

a second solvent different from the first solvent;

a viscosity modifier; and

a plurality of diodes, each diode of the plurality of diodes substantially hexagonal laterally, having a lateral dimension between about 10 to 50 microns, a height between about 5 to 25 microns, and each diode of the plurality of diodes comprising;

a light emitting or absorbing region having a diameter between about 10 and 50 microns and a height between about 2 to 7 microns;

a first conductive terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a first side, the first conductive terminal having a height less than about 6 microns; and

a second conductive terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a second side opposite the first side, the second conductive terminal having a height less than about 6 microns.