SMART ACTIVE TYRE PRESSURE OPTIMISING SYSTEM

• US 20150005982A1
• Filed: 12/18/2012
• Published: 01/01/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 12/23/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Prasad Muthukumar
• Original Assignee: Prasad Muthukumar
• Inventors: Muthukumar, Prasad
• Granted Patent: US 9,296,263 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 701/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60C 23/002 by monitoring conditions other than tyre pressure or deformation
• CPC Class Codes: B60C 23/0408 transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 1/10 by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 1/16 by increasing air resistance, e.g. flaps
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 2201/022 Collision avoidance systems
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 2201/03 Brake assistants
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 2210/13 Aquaplaning, hydroplaning
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 2230/03 Overturn, rollover
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 7/22 initiated by contact of vehicle, e.g. bumper, with an external object, e.g. another vehicle , or by means of contactless obstacle detectors mounted on the vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 8/1725 Using tyre sensors, e.g. Sidewall Torsion sensors [SWT] for tyre pressure and temperature detection B60C23/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 21/16 for measuring distance of clearance between spaced objects
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 17/00 Devices or apparatus for measuring tyre pressure or the pressure in other inflated bodies
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 5/282 the vehicle wheels cooperating with rotatable rolls
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 17/02 Tyres
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 19/10 Measuring moisture content, e.g. by measuring change in length of hygroscopic filament; Hygrometers
• CPC Class Codes: G01P 15/00 Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration

Abstract

Smart Active Tyre Pressure Optimising System [TPOS] 102 is a highly time sensitive design and technique that acts instantaneously in sensing and controlling the tire pressure particularly in imminent and inevitable critical driving situations to reduce emergency & high speed breaking distance, mitigate—loss of traction, hydroplaning, roll over, loss of stability, over & under steering, break failure, loss of control due to puncture by smartly sensing, perform context aware computing and directing the Tyre Pressure Control Units [TPCU] 104 to instantaneously control the tyre pressure in right time with right pressure on right tyres thereby actively controlling the footprint and sidewall deformation rate to enhance traction & stability simultaneously sustaining drivability or steerability ultimately to avoid or reduce the impact of collusion and overcome or mitigate critical situations for protecting the vehicles, occupants, pedestrians and other objects around or on the way; also according to design, configurations and scenarios the system instantaneously optimises the tyre pressure on all tyres for further safe driving till next restoration else restores the pressure to optimum preset value utilising inbuilt reservoir or other external restoration systems immediately after the vehicle overcomes the critical situation to continue with safe and comfortable driving. In critical situations TPOS performs sensing, pre computing, current computing for controlling the tire pressure during critical situation, post computing to optimise tire pressure after overcoming accordingly. TPOS 102 utilise smart and adaptive closed loop processing algorithm with predetermined and tested lookup table to instantaneously check and compare the effects between predetermined and tested real world scenarios to the actual real world scenarios for actively sensing, computing and controlling the tire pressure accordingly to mitigate the critical situations. The controlling of tyre pressure is computed mainly based on parameters comprising of sensor system, vehicle safety and stability systems, nature of breaking & break force distribution, tires upper & lower cut-off pressure values, sensing reservoirs and tires internal & external pressure, temperature, moisture, humidity, wheel & tire specifications, vehicle & wheel speed, acceleration & deceleration, vehicle orientation & axial rotation, transverse motion & lateral acceleration, tires position or angle of attack, load & torque distribution, tire traction, steering position, cornering effects, change in Centre of gravity, over & under steering, hydroplaning, sensing road conditions, etc and to further enhance the efficiency, the system interoperates with vehicles existing safety and stability systems like ABS, EBD, ESC, TCS, Rollover mitigation systems, ECU, BA, Precrash systems, suspension & vertical dynamics, radar assisted auto breaking, cruise control system, aerodynamics & airbrakes etc. Other aspects of present invention are controlling the tire temperature according to environmental temperature, moisture and humidity thereby to enhance traction and vary tire pressure according to change in centre of gravity & load, driving modes—comfort, standard and sports modes.

Claims

1. The Smart Active Tyre Pressure Optimising System comprise of

a. A sensor system for actively monitoring, sensing and generating trigger signal to TPOS for detecting the critical situations of vehicle comprising of emergency breaking, loss of traction, hydroplaning or aquaplaning, loss of stability, rollover, over and under steering.

b. A processing unit Tyre Pressure Optimising System [TPOS] which is highly time sensitive design and technique with high processing and functioning speeds that instantaneously sense and controls the tire pressure particularly in imminent and inevitable critical driving situations—

to reduce emergency &

high speed breaking distance, mitigate hydroplaning, mitigate loss of traction, mitigate roll over, mitigate loss of stability &

control, mitigate over and under steering, mitigate loss of control due to puncture by actively sensing, perform context aware computing and directing the Tyre Pressure Control Units [TPCU] to instantaneously vary and control the tyre pressure in right time with right pressure on right tyres thereby actively controlling the tires contact patch or footprint area and sidewall deformation rate to enhance traction and stability while sustaining vehicle'"'"'s drivability or steerability thereby to avoid or reduce the impact of collusion and to overcome or mitigate the critical situations ultimately to protect the occupants, vehicles, pedestrians and other things around &

on the way. The TPOS system performs active monitoring &

sensing, pre computing &

set ready to control the tire pressure prior to critical situation, current computing for controlling the tire pressure during critical situation, post computing to immediately optimise tire pressure after overcoming the critical situation. TPOS utilise smart and adaptive closed loop processing algorithm with predetermined and tested correlation or lookup table to instantaneously check and compare the effects between predetermined and tested real world scenarios and parameters to the actual real world scenarios for smart &

actively sensing, computing and controlling the tire pressure accordingly to mitigate the critical situations.

c. TPOS works by actively sensing critical situations and computing the tire pressure in real time based on parameters comprising of sensor system, vehicle stability &

safety systems, nature of breaking &

break force, tires lower &

upper cut-off threshold pressure values [where lower cut-off pressure is above the minimum tire pressure value], sensing reservoirs and tires internal &

external or environmental—

pressure, temperature, moisture, humidity, vehicles speed, wheel speed, acceleration &

deceleration, orientations &

axial rotation [yaw, pitch and roll], load distribution [load on each wheel tire], torque distribution, vehicles suspension &

vertical dynamic, transverse motion &

lateral acceleration, tire traction, Coefficient of Friction [COF], slip &

slide angle, steering wheel position, cornering effects, change in centre of gravity, over &

under steering, aqua or hydroplaning, radars detecting objects with pre &

current computing of tire pressure to assist in emergency breaking &

stability based on range, direction and dimension of objects in and around the vehicle, tire specifications &

parameters comprising of—

size, type, load index, speed symbol or rating, thread wear &

tear, traction &

temperature rating, tires dimension, direction, compound &

material used, maximum load rating, maximum permissible inflation pressure, patterns of treads, lugs, voids, sipes &

groves, rim or wheel specifications, camber angle, wheel alignment &

balancing, Tires position or angle of attack, terrain sensing detecting nature of tires present &

impending contact area, GPS information to predict the turns, curves and bends on roads ahead and inter operating with vehicles existing stability &

safety systems comprising of Anti-lock Braking System [ABS], Electronic Brakeforce Distribution [EBD], Electronic Stability Control [ESC], Traction Control System [TCS], Roll over mitigation systems, Engine Control Unit [ECU], Brake Assist [BA], Pre crash systems, suspension system, vertical dynamics &

damping force, Sway or anti-roll or stabilizer bar, radar assisted auto breaking with partially &

complete break to stop, automotive aerodynamics &

airbrakes, sensing Drivers reaction with evasion [evasive manoeuvre] of objects, Cruise or Adaptive Cruise Control with partial &

full auto breaking;

thereby instantaneous direct the TPCU to control the tire pressure on corresponding tyres in right time ultimately to overcome or mitigate the critical situations. As various parameters and multiple critical situations are simultaneously taken into account by TOPS for computation, the systems algorithm smartly sense, prioritise and balance between one or more parameters and scenarios to achieve an optimised solution.

d. TPOS in addition to instantaneously varying and controlling the tyre pressure in critical situations;

immediately optimises or restores the tyre pressure if difference or variation in tires pressure is detected from the optimum or preset pressure value once the vehicle overcomes the critical situations to continue with comfortable driving, enhancing stability, mileage and reducing tyre noise. According to design, configuration and scenarios the present system either controls the pressure by releasing the fillers to atmosphere while maintaining the tires lower cut off threshold pressure value [where the pneumatic valve'"'"'s automatically closes when lower cut-off tire pressure value is reached which is above minimum tire pressure value] to sustain stability and instantaneously optimise the pressure on all tyres for further safe driving [till next gas station or filling] until restoration or else restores the pressure to optimum pre set value utilising inbuilt reservoir or other external restoration systems immediately after the vehicle overcomes critical situation to continue with comfortable driving. The TPOS works in standalone mode or interoperate with vehicles safety and stability systems or its combinations according to design, configurations and scenarios. Either dedicated hard or soft or its combinations TPOS switches are utilised in case to manually activate TOPS.

e. Tyre pressure Control Unit [TPCU] that instantaneously acts according to control signal from TPOS which is located on each wheel tyre to instantly vary and control the pressure on right tyres with right pressure in right time thereby to enhance traction and sustain stability. TPCU comprise of sensor system, pneumatic valve with actuators, transceivers, antennas, power source, reservoirs, Active Tire Temperature Optimising System [ATTOS], heating elements where TPCU actively shares sensor system parameters and components status with TPOS. The controlling of tyre pressure is preformed either simultaneously on all the tyres or any particular tires according to scenarios and control signal from TPOS.

f. The TPOS system performs self diagnostic or test to verify and conform regarding working of components and accessibility of corresponding parameters. In case of crucial parameters inaccessible and components failure the system will operate in failproof or failsafe mode and default mode to ensure safe operation. The system comprises of standard to highly configurable settings for the user to configure the TPOS parameters according to requirements and the system comprise of provision to enable and disable the system. In critical situations the TPOS is either configured to trigger automatically or manually according to scenarios. In scenarios of further controlling of tire pressure is not possible due to component failure, lack of fillers or pressure and power'"'"' the system alerts the driver regarding the same and works in default mode to retain the available or even or optimum pressure on all tires.

2. The system said in claim 1, comprise of sensor system that works based on one or combination of sensors, safety &

stability parameters, configurations, operating modes and usage scenarios for detecting the critical situations of vehicles experiencing or moving beyond the limits of vehicles available safety and stability systems with sensors for active sensing and utilise it for pre computing &

set ready to control tire pressure, current computing to control the tire pressure during critical situation and post computing to control the tire pressure after critical situation ultimately to overcome and mitigate the critical situations. Sensors for sensor system comprise of

a. Pressure sensors, Temperature sensors, humidity and moisture sensors for sensing the pressure, temperature, humidity and moisture content of fluids or fillers available in tires and reservoirs. The sensor system in addition senses the external or environments temperature, moisture and humidity for computation thereby to enhance the precision of the system.

b. Vehicle speed and wheel speed sensor for sensing the vehicle speed and wheels speed thereby utilising it for computing the tire pressure accordingly in critical situations.

c. Orientation sensors and accelerometer for sensing the vehicles orientation, acceleration and deceleration thereby utilising it for computing the tire pressure accordingly in critical situations.

d. Load sensor for sensing the load of the vehicle, load on individual wheel tires and change in centre of gravity thereby utilising it for computing the tire pressure accordingly in critical situations.

e. Steering angle or position sensor for sensing the position of the steering wheel and vehicles relative motion thereby sensing vehicle stability, over and under steering ultimately utilising it for computing the tire pressure accordingly in critical situations.

f. Break force sensor for sensing the nature of the break force during breaking scenarios ultimately utilising it for pre computing, current computing and post computing thereby to control the tire pressure accordingly in critical situation.

g. Sensors for sensing damage in wheels, tire properties and foreign objects stuck in tire, its dimension &

depth of penetration, tires wear &

tear, tires cuts, bulges, sidewall damages, slow puncture with corresponding tires location &

position comprise of one or more optimally located internal and external sensors or sensor arrays on tires and vehicle for scanning comprising of distance or range sensors, visual cameras, IR cameras &

sensors, acoustic or ultrasonic sensor, electromagnetic sensors, electrostatic sensors, inductive sensors, capacitive sensors, echo sensors, thermal sensors for scanning &

detecting tires parameters comprising of change in tire properties [nature], patterns, direction, dimension, positions, multi layers &

range, pressure, temperature, moisture and humidity. The sensor sensing the nature or property of tyre and foreign object comprise of permittivity-∈

, permeability-μ

, conductivity-σ

, susceptibility, dielectric, capacitive sensing, capacitive displacement sensing, inductive sensing.

h. Radar and range sensors for scanning the environment around the vehicle by detecting vehicles, pedestrians and objects in front, rear and around the vehicle with its direction, dimension, distance, nature, approaching &

departing speed with respect the vehicle thereby utilised for pre, current and post computing ultimately utilising it for controlling the tire pressure according to critical situation. The radar system comprises of visual, active and passive infrared cameras with real-time digital image and signal processing thereby to sense the nature of the objects around the vehicle.

i. Terrain, road or contact area sensors for sensing the nature of present contact and impending road and terrain surfaces with its property comprising of normal dry roads, wet, mud &

ruts, rocks, gravel, grass, snow, sand, rough, highly uneven terrain, rocky crawl and its combinations thereby utilise it computing the tire pressure accordingly in critical situations.

j. GPS sensors for predicting the turns, curves and bends ahead of the road for pre computing and set ready for controlling the tire pressure accordingly,

k. The system utilizes predetermined and tested field mapping or correlation or lookup table for sensing, comparing &

matching the effects between real time sensor system parameters with predetermined and tested sensor system parameters ultimately for computing the tire pressure accordingly.

l. The sensor systems precision levels, sensing depth of dimension and multi layer sensing are utilised according the design &

requirement. The sensor system utilise sensors, capable of either fixed or tuneable sensitivity and the range are selected according to design, configuration, scenarios and requirement.

3. The system said in claim 1, where the TPOS comprise of processing unit, Transceiver [transmitter/receiver], antennas, interconnections with—

sensor systems, ECU, vehicle stability and safety parameters, memory and online access [for live update]. The TPOS actively computes the control signal to control the tyre pressure based on either one or combination of following

a. The computation of TPOS control signal to TPCU is based on tires upper and lower cut-off or threshold pressure values thereby to enhance vehicle traction while sustaining stability. The TPOS controls the tire pressure between upper and lower cut-off or threshold pressure to prevent over and under inflation of tires thereby preventing deformation of the tyres which in turn leads to loss of vehicle stability

b. To enhance the efficiency of the system the TOPS computation of control signal to TPCU'"'"'s utilises parameters comprising of sensor system, vehicle stability &

safety systems, nature of breaking &

break force, tires lower &

upper cut-off threshold pressure values, sensing reservoirs and tires internal &

external or environmental—

pressure, temperature, moisture, humidity, vehicles speed, wheel speed, acceleration &

deceleration, orientations &

axial rotation [yaw, pitch and roll], load distribution [load on each wheel tire], torque distribution, vehicles suspension &

vertical dynamic, transverse motion &

lateral acceleration, tire traction, Coefficient of Friction [COF], slip &

slide angle, steering wheel position, cornering effects, change in centre of gravity, over &

under steering, aqua or hydroplaning, tire specifications &

parameters comprising of—

size, type, load index, speed symbol or rating, thread wear &

tear, traction &

temperature rating, compound &

material used, maximum load rating, maximum permissible inflation pressure, direction, dimension, patterns of treads, lugs, voids, sipes &

groves, rim or wheel specifications, wheel alignment &

balancing, camber angle, tires position or angle of attack, radars detecting objects with pre &

current computing of tire pressure to assist in emergency breaking &

stability based on range, speed, angle approaching or direction and dimension of objects in and around the vehicle, sensing nature of tires present &

impending road or contact area, GPS information to predict the turns, curves and bends on roads ahead for computing the control signal to TPCU thereby to enhance vehicle traction and stability.

c. To further enhance the efficiency of the system the TPOS computation of control signal to TPCU is performed by inter operating with vehicles existing stability &

safety systems comprising of—

ABS, EBD, ESC, TCS or ASR, Roll over mitigation systems, ECU, BA, suspension system, vertical dynamics &

damping force, Sway or anti-roll or stabilizer bar, pre crash systems, radar assisted auto breaking with partially &

complete break to stop, sensing Drivers reaction with evasion [evasive manoeuvre] of objects, automotive aerodynamics &

airbrakes, Cruise or Adaptive Cruise Control with partial &

full auto breaking;

thereby instantaneous directing the TPCU to control the tire pressure to enhance vehicle safety and stability.

d. The TPOS either operates in standalone mode with sensor system parameters or interoperates with vehicles stability &

safety parameters or its combinations to enhancing traction and stability in critical situation. The controlling of tire pressure is either even or uneven and continuous or discontinuous on all tires according to design, configurations and scenarios.

e. The system utilise either wireless transceiver [transmitter/receiver] with antenna or wired network or its combination for communication between TPOS and TPCU.

f. The TPOS processing unit comprise of one or combination of onboard computer and dedicated processing unit for the computation of control signal.

g. The TPOS system utilise predetermined and tested lookup or correlation table to actively check and compare the effects between predetermined and tested real world scenarios to the actual real world scenarios for computation and controlling of tire pressure.

h. TPOS system according to design, configurations and scenarios either works with or without or combination of internal or external high pressure reservoirs and compressor systems for instantaneously controlling and optimising the tire pressure during and after overcoming the critical situations.

i. The TPOS in addition to monitoring the status of tyres;

monitors the pressure, temperature, moisture, humidity of the fillers available on reservoirs for the computation of control signal to TPCU with the status of the sensor system being updated in user display or interface.

j. The TPOS computation and controlling of tyre temperature and pressure in critical situations are within the scope [range] of tires upper and lower cut-off threshold values thereby to prevent over or under inflation of tyre and to sustains vehicle stability,

k. The TPOS utilise TPCU integrated with Tire Temperature Optimising System [TTOS] to control the tire temperature according to change in temperature of environments or weather and in critical situations thereby controlling tires properties, preventing tire hardening or solidification thereby to enhances tire traction, stability, reduce breaking distance, enhance vehicle cornering &

handling characteristics, mitigate hydroplaning, mitigate over steering and under steering. TPOS controls the tire temperature either instantaneously in critical situations or continuously according to design, configuration and scenarios.

l. When the system is active and functioning the driver is alerted through user interface regarding systems operations and critical situations. TPOS performs the self diagnostic or test to verify and conform with working of the components &

system. Also monitor and alerts the status of the system, when the system is actively functioning in controlling the tyre pressure, TPCU'"'"'s lower power reserve and availability of fillers in reservoir according to scenarios. The self testing works either automatically or manually according to design, configuration and scenarios.

4. The system said in claim 1, where the TPCU is located in each wheel tire, hub and axle that comprise of pneumatic valve with actuators, controller circuitry for controlling tyre pressure according to control signal from TPOS, Transceiver, antennas, sensors, power source, fluid reservoir system, integrated pump and compressor, Active Tire Temperature Optimising System [ATTOS], heating elements.

a. The TPCU shares the real time information and parameters—

tire pressure, temperature, humidity, moisture, power source status, reservoir status with TPOS and act according to control signal from TPOS thereby to control the tyre pressure and temperature.

b. The TPCU utilise failsafe and fail proof pneumatic valves system with actuators for controlling the tire pressure according to control signal from TPOS. The TPCU system comprise of and utilise wheel tires integrated with single to multiple internal and external, unidirectional and bidirectional, valves with &

without actuators, normally open &

normally closed valves, basic &

electro pneumatic valves, dedicated &

common valves for storing, controlling, optimising and restoring the tire pressure according to design, configurations and scenarios.

c. The TPCU utilise wireless transceiver [transmitter/receiver] with antenna, wired communication and its combinations for communicating with TOPS.

d. The TPCU comprise of internal power source, external power source and its combinations for its operation and are selected from TPCU'"'"'s inbuilt batteries, capacitors and vehicle batteries. The power source is wired or wireless or its combinations and the charging sources for the TPCU'"'"'s inbuilt battery and capacitor are sourced from vehicle battery, external charging systems, internal self changing systems with feasible alternator or generator, capacitive coupling, inductive coupling, electromagnetic coupling, Regenerative breaks. The type of batteries utilised comprise of primary batteries, rechargeable batteries and its combinations. The power source is either external, internal fixed or replaceable and its combinations with the system smartly managing the charging and backup of the power levels with updating &

alerting the status of power source to TPOS, display and user interface.

e. TPCU system according to design, configurations and scenarios either works with and without, internal and external, reservoir and compressor or its combinations for instantaneously controlling and optimising the tire pressure during and after overcoming the critical situations. In critical situations the system controls the tire pressure by either releasing the fillers to atmosphere and restore from internal and external reservoir &

compressor or store and restore the fillers from and to internal and external reservoir &

compressor according to design, configurations and scenarios.

f. TPCU with reservoir works by instantaneously controlling and optimising the tire pressure during and after overcoming the critical situations utilising the high pressure fillers in the reservoir. The TPCU comprise of control system with internal pneumatic valve that connects the reservoir with tire internally for controlling the tire pressure and external valve for controlling as well as recharging the fillers. The system utilise either common or dedicated valves for controlling the tire pressure as well as restoring the fillers. The control valves are selected from pneumatic valves, electro pneumatic valves, mechanical valves, electro mechanical valves and its combinations.

g. TPCU with compressor works by instantaneously controlling and optimising the tire pressure during and after overcoming the critical situations utilising the fillers from compressor unit.

h. TPCU works without reservoir or compressor through instantaneously controlling the tire pressure in critical situations by releasing the fluids or fillers [air or nitrogen] to atmosphere and optimises the tire pressure on all tires for further safe driving. The fillers are to be restored through external sources [next gas station or air pumps],

i. The TPCU comprise of integrated Active Tire Temperature Optimising System [ATTOS] and heating elements for maintaining the temperature according to control signal from TPOS.

j. Each TPCU is represented by unique identification with which the TPOS identifies and communicate with accordingly. Tire Pressure Optimising System also accounts the replacement of tyres to precisely track the change of tires in scenarios of puncture, wear and tear thereby to control the TPCU accordingly. The system also optimises the tyre pressure on the spare tyre to match with other tyres in case of tyre changed according to scenarios.

k. TPCU according to design, configuration and scenarios instantaneously controls the tire pressure in critical situations by controlling or transferring the fillers either from &

to atmosphere else with inbuilt or external restoration systems or its combinations.

l. TPCU according to design, configuration and scenarios utilise feasible internal or external reservoir or its combination for controlling the fillers thereby instantaneously controlling the tire pressure in critical situations.

m. TPCU according to design, configuration and scenarios utilise feasible internal or external air compressor or its combination for controlling the fillers thereby instantaneously controlling the tire pressure in critical situations.

n. The system also sense and prevents the over inflation of tires by releasing excess fillers thereby to maintain the set and optimum pressure according to control signal from TPOS.

o. The wheels with TPCU system are constructed with weight balanced design or with counterweight and utilise internal and externally added weights [balance] to compensate the mass of the TPCU.

5. The system said in claim 1, utilise correlation or lookup tables to actively check and compare the effects caused in actual real world scenarios with predetermined and tested real world scenarios to control and optimising the tyre pressure accordingly in critical situations.

a. The correlation tables comprise of pressure values that lies between upper and lower cut-off tire pressure values designed and developed with corresponding change in vehicles load and centre of gravity thereby the TOPS system controls the tire pressure between upper and lower cut-off tire pressure values according to scenarios to mitigate critical situations while preventing the over inflation and deflation or tire deformation ultimately to sustain stability.

b. The correlation table is designed and developed based on TPOS system designs, scenarios, configurations and parameters comprising of—

sensor system, vehicle stability &

safety systems, nature of breaking &

break force, tires lower &

upper cut-off threshold pressure values, sensing reservoirs and tires internal &

external or environmental—

pressure, temperature, moisture, humidity, vehicles speed, wheel speed, acceleration &

deceleration, orientations &

axial rotation [yaw, pitch and roll], load distribution [load on each wheel tire], torque distribution, vehicles suspension &

vertical dynamic, transverse motion &

lateral acceleration, tire traction Coefficient of Friction [COF], slip and slide angle, steering wheel position, cornering effects, change in centre of gravity, over &

under steering, aqua or hydroplaning, tire specifications &

parameters comprising of—

size, type, load index, speed symbol or rating, thread wear &

tear, traction &

temperature rating, compound &

material used, maximum load rating, maximum permissible inflation pressure, direction, dimension, patterns of treads, lugs, voids, sipes &

groves, rim or wheel specifications, camber angle, wheel alignment &

balancing, tires position or angle of attack, radars detecting objects with pre &

current computing of tire pressure to assist in emergency breaking &

stability based on range, direction and dimension of objects in and around the vehicle, sensing nature of tires present &

impending contact area, GPS information to predict the turns, curves and bends on roads ahead and inter operating with vehicles existing stability &

safety systems comprising of—

ABS, EBD, ESC, TCS, Roll over mitigation systems, ECU, BA, Pre crash systems, suspension system, vertical dynamics &

damping force, Sway or anti-roll or stabilizer bar, radar assisted auto breaking with partially &

complete break to stop, Drivers reaction with evasion [evasive manoeuvre] of objects, automotive aerodynamics &

airbrakes, Pre crash systems, Cruise or Adaptive Cruise Control with partial &

full auto breaking.

c. As various parameters and multiple critical situations are simultaneously taken into account by TOPS for computation, the table is designed and developed based on prioritising and balancing between one or more parameters and scenarios ultimately to achieve an optimised performance.

6. The system said in claim 1, where the TPCU system comprise of one or more particularly high pressure fluid reservoirs [tank] for storing the fillers air and nitrogen are integrated or optimally located [mounted] on wheel'"'"'s rim, spoke'"'"'s, hub, axle with pneumatic valves and control unit for controlling the tire pressure in critical situations and optimising or restoring the tire pressure after overcoming the critical situations according to the control signal from TPOS. The reservoir systems operates without any compressor or similar systems as the pressure maintained in the reservoir is higher [multiple times] than the optimum tire pressure for the fluids or fillers to flow from reservoir to tire thereby controlling the tire pressure according to control signal form TPOS.

a. The fillers in the reservoir [tank] are maintained with pressure higher [multiple times higher] than the upper cut-off tire pressure threshold value for the fillers to instantly flow from the reservoir to tires and the same is utilised for controlling the tire pressure according to control signal from TPOS. The fillers in the reservoir are restorable and restored through external means [similarly restored while filling the normal tire pressure].

b. The reservoir system comprises of failsafe and fail proof pneumatic valves system with actuators and utilise single to multiple internal and external, unidirectional and bidirectional, basic and electro pneumatic valves, valves with &

without actuators, normally open &

normally closed valves, dedicated &

common valves for storing, controlling, optimising and restoring the tire pressure according to design, configurations and scenarios. The reservoir comprise of control system with internal pneumatic valve that connects the reservoir with tire internally for controlling the tire pressure and external valve for controlling as well as recharging the fillers. The system utilise either common or dedicated valves for controlling the tire pressure as well as restoring the fillers. The control valves are selected from pneumatic valves, electro pneumatic valve, mechanical valve, electro mechanical valve and its combinations.

c. The reservoir system comprise of dedicated sensor system for sensing the pressure, temperature, moisture and humidity of the fillers available in the reservoir with status of the sensor system being updated to TPOS for computation and user display or interface. The TPOS also accounts the quantity of fillers available in the reservoir with sensor system parameters for the computations, controlling and restoring the tyre pressure.

d. The system alerts the driver regarding lack of fillers and low pressure in reservoir. In scenarios of reservoir with not sufficient fillers or pressure the system alerts the driver regarding the same and works in default mode where the system won'"'"'t utilise fillers in the reservoir to control the tire pressure.

e. The reservoir utilise moisture control system to remove excess moisture and maintain optimum moisture level of fillers in reservoir thereby to achieve optimum TOPS operations.

f. The reservoir system configurations comprise of dedicated inbuilt or integrated reservoir with TPCU on all the wheel tires, utilise common reservoir, utilise common reservoir for recharging the fillers of dedicated reservoir and its combinations for controlling and optimising the tire pressure. The system comprise of air filter and moisture control system to maintain the ideal state of fluids or fillers for achieving optimum performance.

g. The reservoir system is optimally designed and integrated according design of wheels and are either fixed or interchangeable with the wheels. The TPCU system utilises either common or dedicated high pressure reservoir according to design and scenarios.

h. Controlling of tire pressure with reservoir system is performed based on configurations comprising of releasing the fillers to atmosphere and controlling or restoring through fillers in the reservoir or else controlling through storing and restoring of fillers from and to reservoir according to design and scenarios.

i. The system with dynamically controlling the tyre pressure through high pressure reservoirs are utilised on active vehicle protection in critical situations, dynamically increasing traction according to driving conditions, optimising stability, saving fuel and reducing tyre noise. The TPOS system utilise the fillers in the high pressure reservoir to optimise the tire pressure in under inflation scenarios.

7. The system said in claim 1, where the TPOS instantaneously works in critical situation to reduce high speed and emergency breaking distance by actively sensing, computing and controlling the tire pressure from optimum or existing value to right pressure on right tires in right time ultimately to increase the rolling resistance, friction and controlling contact patch area thereby instantaneously improving traction while sustaining stability. The system maintaining the tires upper &

lower cut-off threshold pressure values to prevent over and under inflation or tire deformation.

8. The system said in claim 1, where the TPOS works in critical situations to instantaneously mitigate extreme loss of traction, skid and wheel spin on either one or multiple wheel tires by actively sensing, computing and controlling the tire pressure between or corresponding wheel tires in right time with right pressure thereby controlling the contact patch or foot print ultimately to restore and mitigate loss of traction.

9. The system said in claim 1, where the TPOS works in critical situations to instantaneously mitigate hydroplaning or aquaplaning by actively sensing, computing and controlling (increasing) tire pressure on right tires with right pressure in right time while maintaining the tires upper cut-off threshold pressure value thereby thinning the contact path surface area of tire to avoid water deflected inwards, increasing the tires grooves &

thread depth to deflect more water outward ultimately helping in clearing water which in turn prevents the rising of tires thereby to mitigate hydroplaning.

10. The system said in claim 1, where the TPOS works in critical situations to instantaneously mitigate over and under steering by actively sensing, computing and controlling the tire pressure in right time with right pressure on right tires thereby controlling thread depth, enhancing traction, controlling contact patch or foot print area, controlling tires cornering stiffness and controlling tire deformation rate thereby mitigating positive and negative gradient to sustain zero or neutral gradient.

11. The system said in claim 1, where the TPOS works in critical situations to mitigate roll over and loss of stability for the vehicle moving in highly uneven, leaning, slope surfaces, vehicle experience extreme cornering force [high speed] where the vehicle tends to move beyond available stability systems limits that can leads to loss of stability by actively sensing and instantaneously controlling the tyre pressure on right tires with right pressure in right time thereby to restore stability, centre of gravity and traction.

12. The system said in claim 1, where the TPOS works in critical situations to mitigate the loss of control and stability in puncture scenarios [besides alerting the driver regarding rapid loss of pressure in puncture scenarios] by actively sensing and instantaneously supplying the fillers [air or nitrogen] from the reservoir or tank to the punctured tires thereby to sustain the pressure preventing the rapid loss of tire pressure ultimately improving the time of drivability and stability of the vehicle.

a. In puncture scenarios the TPOS system also controls the pressure on other tires accordingly to enhance the drivability and stability of the vehicle,

b. In puncture scenarios the TPOS system also controls [reduce] the pressure on other tires accordingly to increase the rolling resistance thereby reducing the breaking distance of vehicles in high speeds scenarios. The present system actively works to control tire pressure ultimately to control the rolling resistance and traction of the other tires in accordance with punctured tires to mitigate difference in rolling resistance and traction levels.

13. The system said in claim 1, the TPOS instantaneously works to enhance extreme and high speed—

cornering [hard cornering] performance, torque vectoring and handling characteristic by instantaneously sensing, computing and controlling the tire pressure in right time with right pressure on right tires thereby assist in enhancing sharp cornering characteristic through preventing and controlling tires sidewall deformation and contact patch area while simultaneously providing traction and stability.

14. The system said in claim 1, TPOS system vary, control and optimise the tire pressure according to driving modes like comfort, comfort+, standard, economic, sport, sport+ mode to enhance the comfort level, performance, improving fuel efficiency thereby reducing effect on environment according to modes, controlling tire noise and in addition works irrespective of modes to instantaneously control the tire pressure accordingly to mitigate critical situations. According to design, configuration and scenarios the TPOS system either controls the tire pressure by releasing the fillers to atmosphere or utilise inbuilt reservoir or other external restoration systems or its combinations.

15. The system said in claim 1, TPOS system vary, control and optimise the tire pressure according to change in centre of gravity and load on each wheel tires by sensing, computing and controlling or optimising the tires accordingly to enhance vehicle stability and handling characteristic.

16. The system said in claim 1, utilise TPCU integrated with Active Tire Temperature Optimiser that works to control and maintain the tire temperature and pressure according to change in temperature of weather or environment and critical situations thereby actively controlling the tires property, softening, hardening or solidification, controlling contact patch area and sidewall deformation rate ultimately to enhance tire traction, stability, reduce breaking distance, enhance cornering &

handling characteristics, mitigate hydroplaning, mitigate over steering and under steering. The ATTOS controls the tire temperature instantaneously in critical situation or continuously according to design, configuration and scenarios. The ATTOS works in both pneumatic and non pneumatic tires. ATTPOS operate in standalone mode or interoperate the TPOS taking status of power backup in to account.

a. The system utilise smart and adaptive closed loop algorithm with correlation or lookup tables to actively check and compare the effects caused in actual real world scenarios with predetermined and tested real world scenarios thereby to control and optimising the tyre temperature and pressure according to design, configuration and scenarios.

b. The system controls the tire temperature either instantaneously in critical situations or continuously according to design, configuration and scenarios.

c. The ATTOS operate in standalone mode interoperate with vehicles safety and stability systems or its combinations according to design, configurations and scenarios to enhance traction and stability.

d. The system utilise one or more or combination of internal or external power source according to design, configurations and scenarios for controlling and maintaining the temperature. The ATTOS operate in standalone mode with either dedicated power source or interoperate with vehicle power source or its combinations taking status power backup in to account.

e. The Tire Temperature Optimising System (TTOS] works with and utilise either one or combination of direct and indirect heating techniques that comprise of thermal conduction, diffusion, convection, radiation and advection to generate, control and maintain the tire temperature. Energy transfer and heating elements are optimally integrated in wheels, tires, hub, axle, suspension and vehicles chassis. The direct heating works utilising heating elements and the indirect heating generate and maintain temperature through heating fillers or fluids &

principle of electromagnetic induction heating that operates irrespective of vehicle in stationary or motion according to design, configurations and scenarios. The system make use of Induction heating coil and materials that support electromagnetic induction to generate heat are utilised in tire manufacturing that comprises one or combination of ferromagnetic metals, ferromagnetic alloys and other suitable metals or element in tires, radial tires, plies and steel belted tires thereby to precisely transfer the heat to contact path or foot print area simultaneously saving power. Either dedicated heating element or the plies or belts with suitable material is utilised for induction heating.

f. The system accounts status of power source, sensor system parameters, heating element, change in temperature, moisture &

pressure of tires and environment, driving modes, rim or wheel and tire specification &

parameters comprising of—

size, type, load index, speed symbol or rating, thread wear &

tear, traction &

temperature rating, tires dimension, direction, nature of compound &

material used, maximum load rating, maximum permissible inflation pressure, patterns of treads, lugs, voids, sipes &

groves, vehicle safety and stability systems, change in temperature, pressure, moisture and humidity of fillers in reservoirs and compressors for actively sensing, computing and controlling the tire temperature.

g. The user configurable system maintains temperature either automatically or manually according to design, configurations and scenarios.

17. The system said in claim 1, where the TPOS utilise inbuilt sensor system to actively scan, sense, compute and alerts the driver irrespective of vehicles in motion or stationary regarding structural damage on wheels or rims comprising of bends &

cracks and potentially hazardous foreign objects [E.g. stones] stuck in tires based on its nature, dimension &

depth of penetration, tires wear &

tear, tire cuts, bulges, sidewall damages, slow puncture with corresponding tires location &

position.

a. The system utilise smart and adaptive closed loop processing algorithm with correlation or lookup tables to actively check and compare the effects caused in actual real world scenarios with predetermined and tested real world scenarios for precisely sensing, comparing, computing and alerting the driver in advance regarding the potentially hazardous critical situations. The system works based on online and preloaded wheel or rim specifications, balancing beads, tire specifications &

parameters comprising of—

size, type, load index, speed symbol or rating, thread wear &

tear, traction &

temperature rating, compound &

material used, maximum load rating, maximum permissible inflation pressure, patterns of treads, lugs, voids, sipes &

groves.

b. The system utilise one or more optimally located internal and external sensors or sensor arrays on wheel tires and vehicle for scanning comprising of distance or range sensors, visual cameras, IR sensors &

cameras, acoustic or ultrasonic sensor, electromagnetic sensors, electrostatic sensors, inductive sensors, capacitive sensors, echo sensors, thermal sensors for scanning &

detecting wheels, balancing beads and tire parameters comprising of specifications, change in properties [nature], patterns, direction, dimension, positions, multi layers and range.

c. The system works by sensing wheel specifications and nature or property of tyres and foreign objects comprise of permittivity-∈

, permeability-μ

, conductivity-σ

, susceptibility, dielectric, capacitive sensing, capacitive displacement sensing, inductive sensing.

18. The system said in claim 1, where the TPOS system works with all types of pneumatic tyres comprising of tubeless tires, non tubeless or tires with tubes, non pneumatic tires, Run Flat Tyres [RFT], wet tyres, Dry tyres, Soft &

hard compound tyres, slick tires, intermediate tires, summer and winter tyres with various patterns off treads, lugs, voids, grooves, sipes, beads, sidewalls, shoulders, plies.

19. The system said in claim 1, the Tyre Pressure Optimising System works with all type of vehicles with single to multiple pneumatic tyres utilising air, nitrogen or other suitable fillers [Motor cycles, cars, Van'"'"'s, SUV'"'"'s, cross over, Bus'"'"'s, Truck'"'"'s or Lome'"'"'s, aircraft'"'"'s etc].

20. The system said in claim 1, works in critical situation with following configurations comprising of one or combination of with reservoir, without reservoir and appropriate compressor systems.

a. TPOS that works in critical situations with reservoir by utilising the high pressure fillers in the reservoir to control the tire pressure. The fillers in the reservoir have to be restored from external sources.

b. TPOS that works in critical situations without reservoir or compressor by just releasing the fillers in the tires to atmosphere and the tire pressure have to be restored through external sources.

c. TPOS that works in critical situations with appropriate compressor systems available with vehicles existing inflation systems in critical situations.

21. The system said in claim 1, where the TPOS instantaneously works in extreme worst case scenarios—

malfunction, partial or complete failure of vehicle safety and stability system comprising of failure of breaks, Traction Control System, rollover mitigation system;

the onboard system automatically sense the failure to trigger TPOS or the TPOS system is manually triggered to instantaneously control the tire pressure in right tires with right pressure in right time for increasing the friction, traction, rolling resistance and compensating or mitigating the difference in rolling resistances ultimately to reduce the stopping distance while simultaneously sustaining the vehicle stability, drivability and steerability. The system utilise sensor system and radar system to automatically sense control the tire pressure according to scenarios. The system assists in break—

failure or malfunction that comprising of partial or complete break failure and either one or multiple break failure;

while maintaining the tires upper &

lower cut-off threshold pressure values to prevent over and under inflation or tire deformation.

22. The system said in claim 1, comprises of TPCU integrated with appropriate compressor or pump powered by kinetic break energy—

in combination with high pressure fluid reservoir to recharge reservoir fluid and in turn the reservoir restores the tyre pressure or without high pressure reservoir system for directly recharging tire pressure or its combinations thereby autonomously works to restore and optimise the tyre pressure ultimately to provide maintenance free operation of tires. The system interoperates with TPOS where the compressor and [or] pump system works based on either one or combination of following according to design, configurations and scenarios

a. Pump or [&

} Compressor system works with high pressure reservoir system to recharges, restore and optimise reservoir pressure, in turn the reservoir recharges, restore and optimise the tire pressure.

b. Pump or [&

] Compressor system works without high pressure reservoir system by directly recharging, restoring and optimising the tire pressure.

c. The system utilise Kinetic break energy generated during breaking which is either converted into electrical energy or converted into mechanical energy or its combinations according to design, configurations and scenarios and are utilised to run the pump or compressor ultimately for recharging, restoring and optimising the tyre pressure and the reservoir pressure.

d. The whole system smartly monitors, senses, computes and operates in optimal or right energy band and conditions to utilise the kinetic break energy based on sensor system parameters, thereby efficiently handling lower and higher or excessively generated kinetic break energy. The computation is performed based on intensity or level or magnitude of kinetic break energy, reservoir'"'"'s and tyre'"'"'s—

internal and external pressure, temperature and moisture, engine and vehicle'"'"'s running conditions thereby accordingly computes, runs and controls the pump or compressor [DEL—

pneumatic valves] ultimately to recharge, restore and optimise the reservoir pressure and tire pressure.

e. The fail safe and fail proof pneumatic and [or] electro pneumatic valves with pump &

[or] compressor are utilised to ensure safe operations in the event of failure [by operating in failsafe mode and default mode]. Over Pressure release valve or electro pneumatic valve works to release over pressure in reservoir and tires. Either dedicated over pressure protection valve or electro pneumatic valve or its combination is also used.

23. The system said in claim 1, comprises of TPCU utilising kinetic break energy to run the pneumatic valves thereby to control or transfer the fluid [air, nitrogen etc] flow from &

to or between atmosphere, pump, compressor, reservoirs and tires or its combinations according design, configuration, requirement and scenarios ultimately to restore and optimise the tyre and reservoir pressure. The system monitors and computes the kinetic or break energy that is sufficient to run or operate the pneumatic valves. The TPOS and TPCU controls the operation of pneumatic valves based on either one or combination of following according to design, configurations and scenarios

a. The system utilise Kinetic break energy generated during breaking which is either converted into electrical energy or converted into mechanical energy or its combinations according to design, configurations and scenarios and are utilised to run and control the pneumatic valves

b. The whole system smartly monitors, senses, computes and operates in optimal or right energy band and conditions to utilise the kinetic break energy based on sensor system parameters, thereby efficiently handling lower and higher or excessively generated kinetic break energy. The computation is performed based on intensity or level or magnitude of kinetic break energy, reservoir'"'"'s and tyre'"'"'s—

internal and external pressure, temperature and moisture, engine and vehicle'"'"'s running conditions thereby accordingly computes, runs and controls the pneumatic valves.

c. The system utilise fail safe and fail proof Electro-Mechanical Pneumatic Valves that acts in default operation or valve mode with basic valve functionality to ensure safe operation in case of failure.

24. The system said in claim 1, comprise of one or more or combination of internal and external, fixed or replaceable power source for TPOS and TPCU'"'"'s operation are selected from TPCU'"'"'s inbuilt batteries, primary or rechargeable batteries, capacitors and vehicle batteries according to design, configurations and scenarios.

a. The power source is wired or wireless or its combinations and the charging sources for the TPCU'"'"'s inbuilt battery and capacitor are sourced from vehicle battery, external charging systems, internal self charging systems with feasible alternator or generator, piezoelectric effect, capacitive coupling, inductive coupling, electromagnetic coupling, kinetic break energy.

b. The system smartly manages the charging and backup [E.g. under &

over charging protection] of the power levels with updating &

alerting the status of power source to TPOS, display and user interface.

c. The system tap'"'"'s the required power for its operation according to vehicle'"'"'s running conditions and engine parameters [E.g. like vehicle running down the slope or declined roads with excess speeds where the cruise control system control the excess speed to maintain preset speed].

d. The system utilise Kinetic break energy generated during breaking which is either converted into electrical energy or converted into mechanical energy or its combinations according to design, configurations and scenarios and are utilised to run the pump, compressor and pneumatic valves ultimately to recharge, restore and optimise the tyre pressure and the reservoir pressure.