ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITANCE DEVICE

• US 20150062781A1
• Filed: 07/31/2014
• Published: 03/05/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 11/15/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: BASF SE
• Original Assignee: EnerG2, Inc. (BASF SE), University of Washington
• Inventors: Feaver, Aaron M., Cao, Guozhong
• Granted Patent: US 10,141,122 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 361/502
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 32/30 Active carbon
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 32/318 characterised by the starting materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/24 characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/26 characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/30 characterised by their material
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/32 Carbon-based
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/34 characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/84 Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/86 specially adapted for electrodes carbonisation or activation of carbon for the manufacture of electrodes H01G11/34
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/13 Energy storage using capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/133 Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/249978 Voids specified as micro
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24998 Composite has more than two layers

Abstract

The present application is directed to electric double layer capacitance (EDLC) devices. In one aspect, the present application is directed to an electrode comprising an activated carbon cryogel having a tunable pore structure wherein: the surface area is at least 1500 m2/g as determined by nitrogen sorption at 77K and BET analysis; and the pore structure comprises a pore volume ranging from about 0.01 cc/g to about 0.25 cc/g for pores having a pore diameter of 0.6 to 1.0 nm. In another aspect, the present application is directed to an Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) device comprising an activated cryogel.

Claims

1-35. -35. (canceled)

36. An electrode comprising:

A) an activated carbon material having a surface area of greater than about 1500 m²/g, as determined by nitrogen sorption at 77 K and BET analysis, and a pore structure comprising mesopores having a diameter ranging from about 2.0 nm to about 10.0 nm and a pore volume ranging from about 0.01 cc/g to about 0.25 cc/g for pores having a pore diameter of 0.6 nm to 1.0 nm, as determined from N₂ sorption derived DFT; and

B) a metal oxide or conductive polymer,

the electrode further comprising a specific capacitance of at least 100 F/g and a specific power of at least 25 W/g when used as an electrode in an electric double layer capacitor device comprising an electrolyte comprising equal volumes of propylene carbonate and dimethylcarbonate and further comprising about 1.0 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate.

37. The electrode of claim 36, wherein the electrode comprises a metal oxide.

38. The electrode of claim 37, wherein the metal oxide comprises a ruthenium oxide, an iridium oxide or a nickel oxide.

39. The electrode of claim 36, wherein the electrode comprises a conductive polymer.

40. The electrode of claim 39, wherein the conductive polymer comprises a polypyrrol, a polythiophene or a polyaniline.

41. The electrode of claim 36, wherein the pore structure has:

a pore volume ranging from about 0.01 cc/g to about 0.15 cc/g for pores having a diameter less than about 0.6 nm;

a pore volume ranging from about 0.30 cc/g to about 0.70 cc/g for pores having diameter between about 1.0 nm and about 2.0 nm;

a pore volume ranging from about 0.15 cc/g to about 0.70 cc/g for pores having diameter between about 2.0 nm and about 4.0 nm;

a pore volume ranging from about 0.06 cc/g to about 0.50 cc/g for pores having diameter between about 4.0 nm and about 6.0 nm; and

a pore volume ranging from about 0.01 cc/g to about 0.30 cc/g for pores having diameter between about 6.0 nm and about 8.0 nm;

wherein the pore volumes are determined from N₂ sorption derived DFT.

42. The electrode of claim 36, wherein the electrode has a specific capacitance ranging from about 100 F/g to about 130 F/g when used as an electrode in an electric double layer capacitor device comprising an electrolyte comprising equal volumes of propylene carbonate and dimethylcarbonate and further comprising about 1.0 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate.

43. The electrode of claim 36, wherein the electrode has a specific capacitance of no more than about 150 F/g when used as an electrode in an electric double layer capacitor device comprising an electrolyte comprising equal volumes of propylene carbonate and dimethylcarbonate and further comprising about 1.0 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate.

44. The electrode of claim 36, wherein the electrode has a specific power ranging from about 25 W/g to about 35 W/g when used as an electrode in an electric double layer capacitor device comprising an electrolyte comprising equal volumes of propylene carbonate and dimethylcarbonate and further comprising about 1.0 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate.

45. The electrode of claim 36, wherein the electrode has a specific energy of at least about 25 J/g when used as an electrode in an electric double layer capacitor device comprising an electrolyte comprising equal volumes of propylene carbonate and dimethylcarbonate and further comprising about 1.0 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate

46. The electrode of claim 36, wherein the specific energy of the electrode ranges from about 38 J/g to about 45 J/g when used as an electrode in an electric double layer capacitor device comprising an electrolyte comprising equal volumes of propylene carbonate and dimethylcarbonate and further comprising about 1.0 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate.

47. The electrode of claim 36, wherein the pore structure has a pore volume ranging from about 0.30 cc/g to about 0.70 cc/g for pores having diameter between about 1.0 nm and about 2.0 nm as determined from N₂ sorption derived DFT.

48. The electrode of claim 36, wherein the pore structure has a pore volume ranging from about 0.15 cc/g to about 0.70 cc/g for pores having diameter between about 2.0 nm and about 4.0 nm as determined from N₂ sorption derived DFT.

49. The electrode of claim 36, wherein the pore structure comprises mesopores having a diameter ranging from about 2.0 nm to about 4.0 nm as determined from N₂ sorption derived DFT.

50. The electrode of claim 36, wherein the pore structure comprises micropores having a diameter ranging from about 0.3 nm to about 2.0 nm as determined from CO₂ sorption derived DFT.

51. The electrode of claim 36, wherein the pore structure comprises micropores having an effective length of less than about 10 nm as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements.

52. The electrode of claim 36, wherein the activated carbon material has a surface area greater than about 2000 m²/g as determined by nitrogen sorption at 77K and BET analysis.

53. The electrode of claim 36, wherein the electrode further comprises a binder.

54. The electrode of claim 53, wherein the binder is selected from polytetrafluorethylene, perfluoroalkoxy polymer resin, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyethylenetetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylfluoride, polyethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, and trifluoroethanol.

55. An electrical energy storage device comprising an electrode comprising:

A) an activated carbon material having a surface area of greater than about 1500 m²/g, as determined by nitrogen sorption at 77 K and BET analysis, and a pore structure comprising mesopores having a diameter ranging from about 2.0 nm to about 10.0 nm and a pore volume ranging from about 0.01 cc/g to about 0.25 cc/g for pores having a pore diameter of 0.6 nm to 1.0 nm, as determined from N₂ sorption derived DFT; and

B) a metal oxide or conductive polymer,

the electrode further comprising a specific capacitance of at least 100 F/g and a specific power of at least 25 W/g when used as an electrode in an electric double layer capacitor device comprising an electrolyte comprising equal volumes of propylene carbonate and dimethylcarbonate and further comprising about 1.0 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate.

56. The electrical energy storage device of claim 55, wherein the device is a pseudo capacitor.

57. The electrical energy storage device of claim 55, wherein the electrode comprises a metal oxide.

58. The electrical energy storage device of claim 57, wherein the metal oxide comprises a ruthenium oxide, an iridium oxide or a nickel oxide.

59. The electrical energy storage device of claim 55, wherein the electrode comprises a conductive polymer.

60. The electrical energy storage device of claim 59, wherein the conductive polymer comprises a polypyrrol, a polythiophene or a polyaniline.

61. The electrical energy storage device of claim 55, wherein the pore structure has:

a pore volume ranging from about 0.01 cc/g to about 0.15 cc/g for pores having a diameter less than about 0.6 nm;

a pore volume ranging from about 0.30 cc/g to about 0.70 cc/g for pores having diameter between about 1.0 nm and about 2.0 nm;

a pore volume ranging from about 0.15 cc/g to about 0.70 cc/g for pores having diameter between about 2.0 nm and about 4.0 nm;

a pore volume ranging from about 0.06 cc/g to about 0.50 cc/g for pores having diameter between about 4.0 nm and about 6.0 nm; and

a pore volume ranging from about 0.01 cc/g to about 0.30 cc/g for pores having diameter between about 6.0 nm and about 8.0 nm;

wherein the pore volumes are determined from N₂ sorption derived DFT.

62. The electrical energy storage device of claim 55, wherein the pore structure has a pore volume ranging from about 0.30 cc/g to about 0.70 cc/g for pores having diameter between about 1.0 nm and about 2.0 nm as determined from N₂ sorption derived DFT.

63. The electrical energy storage device of claim 55, wherein the pore structure has a pore volume ranging from about 0.15 cc/g to about 0.70 cc/g for pores having diameter between about 2.0 nm and about 4.0 nm as determined from N₂ sorption derived DFT.

64. The electrical energy storage device of claim 55, wherein the pore structure comprises mesopores having a diameter ranging from about 2.0 nm to about 4.0 nm as determined from N₂ sorption derived DFT.

65. The electrical energy storage device of claim 55, wherein the pore structure comprises micropores having a diameter ranging from about 0.3 nm to about 2.0 nm as determined from CO₂ sorption derived DFT.

66. The electrical energy storage device of claim 55, wherein the pore structure comprises micropores having an effective length of less than about 10 nm as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements.

67. The electrical energy storage device of claim 55, wherein the activated carbon material has a surface area greater than about 2000 m²/g as determined by nitrogen sorption at 77K and BET analysis.