IN-VIVO ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY (EIS)-BASED CALIBRATION
First Claim
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1. A method for real-time self-calibration of a sensor, said sensor including sensor electronics, a microcontroller, and at least one working electrode, the method comprising:
- performing, by said microcontroller, an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) procedure for said at least one working electrode to obtain values of at least one impedance-based parameter for the at least one working electrode;
periodically repeating, by said microcontroller, said EIS procedure for said working electrode to obtain additional values of said at least one impedance-based parameter;
calculating, by said microcontroller, values of at least one EIS-based parameter based on said obtained values and additional values of the at least one impedance-based parameter;
monitoring the calculated values of said at least one EIS-based parameter for variations in said calculated values; and
adjusting, by said microcontroller, a calibration factor for said sensor based on said variations in the calculated values.
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Abstract
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is used in conjunction with continuous glucose monitors and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to enable in-vivo sensor calibration, gross (sensor) failure analysis, and intelligent sensor diagnostics and fault detection. An equivalent circuit model is defined, and circuit elements are used to characterize sensor behavior.
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Citations
20 Claims
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1. A method for real-time self-calibration of a sensor, said sensor including sensor electronics, a microcontroller, and at least one working electrode, the method comprising:
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performing, by said microcontroller, an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) procedure for said at least one working electrode to obtain values of at least one impedance-based parameter for the at least one working electrode; periodically repeating, by said microcontroller, said EIS procedure for said working electrode to obtain additional values of said at least one impedance-based parameter; calculating, by said microcontroller, values of at least one EIS-based parameter based on said obtained values and additional values of the at least one impedance-based parameter; monitoring the calculated values of said at least one EIS-based parameter for variations in said calculated values; and adjusting, by said microcontroller, a calibration factor for said sensor based on said variations in the calculated values. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
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15. A method for real-time self-calibration of a sensor, said sensor including sensor electronics, a microcontroller, and at least one working electrode and one counter electrode, the method comprising:
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performing, by said microcontroller, a plurality of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) procedures for said at least one working electrode; generating, by said microcontroller, a plurality of Nyquist plots based on respective outputs of said plurality of EIS procedures; setting a baseline Nyquist plot length; setting a baseline higher-frequency Nyquist slope; monitoring, by said microcontroller, the Nyquist plot length and the higher-frequency Nyquist slope across said plurality of Nyquist plots to detect changes in said plot length and said slope; and adjusting a calibration factor for said sensor based on said changes in the Nyquist plot length and in the Nyquist slope. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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Specification