SYSTEM AND METHOD OF POWER CONVERSION

• US 20150194904A1
• Filed: 01/06/2014
• Published: 07/09/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 01/06/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Harbourt, Cyrus David, Ritter, Allen Michael, Wagoner, Robert Gregory
• Granted Patent: US 9,231,492 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0058 by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero using an auxiliary actively switched resonant commutation circuit connected to an intermediate DC voltage or between two push-pull branches of an inverter bridge H02M7/4811; in resonant inverters H02M7/4815; in inverters operating from a resonant DC source H02M7/4826
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/007 Plural converter units in cascade push-pull DC/DC converters with pre-regulator H02M3/3374; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC stage including a high frequency transformer H02M7/4807; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC conversion stage generating periodically varying voltages H02M7/4826
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0095 Hybrid converter topologies, e.g. NPC mixed with flying capacitor, thyristor converter mixed with MMC or charge pump mixed with buck
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/06 using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/483 Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/487 Neutral point clamped inverters
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 27/04 using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

Systems and methods for converting power are presented. The power conversion includes conducting load current through a first current path of multiple current paths in a power conversion unit using switches, diodes, or a combination thereof. The power conversion also includes blocking one or more additional current paths of the multiple current paths in the power conversion unit using one or more of the switches, one or more of the diodes, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the power conversion includes reducing potential voltage stress on the one or more switches by using one or more voltage stress reduction switches to reduce a voltage that is blocked by the one or more blocking switches or diodes by connecting an end of each of the one or more switches opposite to a blocking edge to an intermediate voltage node.

Claims

1. A system for converting power having a plurality of current channels comprising:

a first channel configured to conduct current for power conversion, wherein the first channel comprises a first plurality of switches, wherein at least one of the first plurality of switches is configured to block current through the first channel when current is conducted through remaining channels of the plurality of current channels, and wherein one or more remaining switches of the first plurality of switches is configured to reduce voltage stress on the at least one of the first plurality of switches by coupling the at least one of the first plurality of switches to an intermediate voltage during blocking; and

a second channel configured to conduct current for power conversion, wherein the second channel comprises a second plurality of switches, wherein at least one of the second plurality of switches is configured to block current through the second channel when current is conducted through remaining channels of the plurality of current channels, and wherein one or more remaining switches of the second plurality of switches is configured to reduce voltage stress on the at least one of the second plurality of switches by coupling the at least one of the second plurality of switches to an intermediate voltage during blocking.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first channel comprises a first plurality of diodes, wherein each diode of the first plurality of diodes is connected in parallel with a respective switch of the first plurality of switches, and the second channel comprises a second plurality of diodes, wherein each diode of second first plurality of diodes is connected in parallel with a respective switch of the second plurality of switches.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of channels comprises a third channel configured to conduct current for power conversion, wherein the third channel comprises a third plurality of switches, wherein at least one of the third plurality of switches is configured to block current through the third channel when current is conducted through remaining channels of the plurality of current channels, and wherein one or more remaining switches of the third plurality of switches is configured to reduce voltage stress on the at least one of the third plurality of switches by coupling at least one of the third plurality of switches to an intermediate voltage during blocking;

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second plurality of switches comprise insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs).

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second plurality of switches comprise integrated gate-commutated thyristors (IGCTs).

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second plurality of switches comprise gate-turn off thyristors (GTOs).

7. A system for converting power, comprising:

a plurality of channels each comprising a plurality of diode-switch pairs, wherein a first subset of the diode-switch pairs are configured conduct current during a conducting state for a respective channel of the plurality of channels, a second subset of the diode-switch pairs are configured to block current through the respective channel during a blocking state, and at least one switch of the plurality of diode-switch pairs is configured to couple the second subset of diode-switch pairs to an intermediate voltage of multiple input voltages during a blocking state for the channel

8. The system of claim 7, wherein when any channel of the plurality of channels is in a conducting state, each of the remaining channels of the plurality of channels is in a blocking state.

9. The system of claim 7, wherein the diodes of the plurality of diode-switch pairs comprises insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), integrated gate-commutated thyristors (IGCTs), gate-turn off thyristors (GTOs), or a combination thereof.

10. The system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of channels are configured to provide an output AC signal having four available power levels.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the plurality of channels comprises:

a first channel comprising;

a first diode-switch pair comprising a first diode and a first switch each coupled in parallel to a first input voltage node and a first intermediate node;

a second diode-switch pair comprising a second diode and a second switch each coupled in parallel to a second input voltage node and the first intermediate node; and

a third diode-switch pair comprising a third diode and a third switch each coupled in parallel to the first intermediate node and an output node; and

a second channel comprising;

a fourth diode-switch pair comprising a fourth diode and a fourth switch each coupled in parallel to a third input voltage node and a second intermediate node;

a fifth diode-switch pair comprising a fifth diode and a fifth switch each coupled in parallel to a fourth input voltage node and the second intermediate node; and

a sixth diode-switch pair comprising a sixth diode and a sixth switch each coupled in parallel to the second intermediate node and the output node.

12. The system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of channels comprises two stacked four-level configurations, wherein each four-level configuration is configured to provide an output AC signal having four available power levels.

13. The system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of channels are configured to provide an output AC signal having five levels of granulation, six levels of granulation, or seven levels of granulation.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the plurality of channels comprises three channels configured to produce the AC signal with five levels of granulation, wherein the three channels comprise:

a first channel comprising;

a first diode-switch pair comprising a first diode and a first switch each coupled in parallel to a first input voltage node and a first intermediate node;

a second diode-switch pair comprising a second diode and a second switch each coupled in parallel to a second input voltage node and the first intermediate node; and

a third diode-switch pair comprising a third diode and a third switch each coupled in parallel to the first intermediate node and an output node; and

a second channel comprising;

a fourth diode-switch pair comprising a fourth diode and a fourth switch each coupled in parallel to a third input voltage node and a second intermediate node;

a fifth diode-switch pair comprising a fifth diode and a fifth switch each coupled in parallel to a fourth input voltage node and the second intermediate node; and

a sixth diode-switch pair comprising a sixth diode and a sixth switch each coupled in parallel to the second intermediate node and the output node; and

a third channel comprising seventh and eighth diode-switch pairs coupled in series between a fifth input voltage node and an output node, wherein the seventh diode-switch pair is biased in an opposite direction of the eighth diode-switch pair.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein the plurality of channels comprises two channels configured to produce the AC signal with six levels of granulation, wherein the two channels comprise:

a first channel comprising;

a first diode-switch pair comprising a first diode and a first switch each coupled in parallel to a first input voltage node and a first intermediate node;

a second diode-switch pair comprising a second diode and a second switch each coupled in parallel to a second input voltage node;

a third diode-switch pair comprising a third diode and a third switch each coupled in parallel to the second diode-switch pair and the first intermediate node, wherein the second and third diode-switch pairs are biased in opposite directions; and

a fourth diode-switch pair comprising a fourth diode and a fourth diode each coupling in parallel to a third input voltage node and the first intermediate node; and

a fifth diode-switch pair comprising a fifth diode and a fifth switch each coupled in parallel to the first intermediate node and an output node; and

a second channel comprising;

a sixth diode-switch pair comprising a sixth diode and a sixth switch each coupled in parallel to a fourth input voltage node and a second intermediate node;

a seventh diode-switch pair comprising a seventh diode and a seventh switch each coupled in parallel to a fifth input voltage node;

an eighth diode-switch pair comprising an eighth diode and an eighth switch each coupled in parallel to the seventh diode-switch pair and the second intermediate node, wherein the seventh and the eighth diode-switch pairs are biased in opposite directions; and

a ninth diode-switch pair comprising a ninth diode and a ninth diode each coupling in parallel to a sixth input voltage node and the second intermediate node; and

a tenth diode-switch pair comprising a tenth diode and a tenth switch each coupled in parallel to the second intermediate node and an output node.

16. The system of claim 13, wherein the plurality of channels comprises three channels configured to produce the AC signal with six levels of granulation, wherein the three channels comprise:

a first channel comprising;

a first diode-switch pair comprising a first diode and a first switch each coupled in parallel to a first input voltage node and a first intermediate node;

a second diode-switch pair comprising a second diode and a second switch each coupled in parallel to a second input voltage node and the first intermediate node; and

a third diode-switch pair comprising a third diode and a third switch each coupled in parallel to the first intermediate node and an output node; and

a second channel comprising;

a fourth diode-switch pair comprising a fourth diode and a fourth switch each coupled in parallel to a third input voltage node and a second intermediate node;

a fifth diode-switch pair comprising a fifth diode and a fifth switch each coupled in parallel to a fourth input voltage node and the second intermediate node; and

a sixth diode-switch pair comprising a sixth diode and a sixth switch each coupled in parallel to the second intermediate node and the output node; and

a third channel comprising;

a seventh diode-switch pair comprising a seventh diode and a seventh switch each coupled in parallel to a fifth input voltage node and a third intermediate node;

an eighth diode-switch pair comprising an eighth diode and an eighth switch each coupled in parallel to a sixth input voltage node and the third intermediate node; and

a ninth diode-switch pair comprising a ninth diode and a ninth switch each coupled in parallel to the third intermediate node;

a tenth diode-switch pair comprising a tenth diode and a tenth switch each coupled in parallel to the ninth diode-switch pair and the output node, wherein the ninth diode-switch pair is biased in an opposite direction of the tenth diode-switch pair.

17. The system of claim 13, wherein the plurality of channels comprises two channels configured to produce the AC signal with seven levels of granulation, wherein the two channels comprise:

a first channel comprising;

a first diode switch pair comprising a first diode and a first switch each coupled in parallel to a first input voltage node and a first intermediate node;

a second diode-switch pair comprising a second diode and a second switch each coupled in parallel to a second input voltage node and the first intermediate node;

a third diode-switch pair comprising a third diode and a third switch each coupled in parallel to a third input voltage node and a second intermediate node;

a fourth diode-switch pair comprising a fourth diode and a fourth switch each coupled in parallel to a fourth input voltage node and the second intermediate node;

a first two or more diode-switch pairs coupled in series between the first intermediate node and a third intermediate node, wherein each diode-switch pair within the first two or more diode-switch pairs is biased in a first direction;

a second two or more diode-switch pairs coupled in series between the second intermediate node and the third intermediate node, wherein each diode-switch pair within the second two or more diode-switch pairs is biased in a second direction opposite of the first direction; and

a third two or more diode-switch pairs coupled in series between the third intermediate node and an output node, wherein each of the third two or more diode switch pairs is coupled in a common direction; and

a second channel comprising;

a fifth diode switch pair comprising a fifth diode and a fifth switch each coupled in parallel to a fifth input voltage node and a fourth intermediate node;

a sixth diode-switch pair comprising a sixth diode and a sixth switch each coupled in parallel to a second input voltage node and the fourth intermediate node;

a seventh diode-switch pair comprising a seventh diode and a seventh switch each coupled in parallel to a seventh input voltage node and a fifth intermediate node;

an eighth diode-switch pair comprising an eighth diode and an eighth switch each coupled in parallel to an eighth input voltage node and the fifth intermediate node;

a fourth two or more diode-switch pairs coupled in series between the fourth intermediate node and a sixth intermediate node, wherein each diode-switch pair within the fourth two or more diode-switch pairs is biased in the first direction;

a fifth two or more diode-switch pairs coupled in series between the fifth intermediate node and the sixth intermediate node, wherein each diode-switch pair within the fifth two or more diode-switch pairs is biased in the second direction opposite of the first direction; and

a sixth two or more diode-switch pairs coupled in series between the sixth intermediate node and the output node, wherein each of the sixth two or more diode switch pairs is coupled in the common direction.

18. A method for converting power, comprising:

conducting load current through a first current path of a plurality of current paths in a power conversion unit using a plurality of switches, a plurality of diodes, or a combination thereof;

blocking one or more additional current paths of the plurality of current paths in the power conversion unit using one or more switches of the plurality of switches, one or more diodes of the plurality of diodes, or a combination thereof; and

reducing potential voltage stress on the one or more switches by using one or more voltage stress reduction switches to reduce a voltage that is blocked by the one or more blocking switches or diodes by connecting an end of each of the one or more switches opposite to a blocking edge to an intermediate voltage node.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein reducing potential voltage stress on the one or more switches by using one or more voltage stress reduction switches comprises turning on or leaving on the one or more voltage stress reduction switches.

20. The method of claim 18, comprising driving an AC motor using the load current.