ORGANO METAL HALIDE PEROVSKITE HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR CELL AND FABRICATION THEREOF

• US 20150200377A1
• Filed: 07/24/2013
• Published: 07/16/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 08/03/2012
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Ecole polytechnique fãdãrale de lausanne epfl (Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft)
• Original Assignee: Ecole polytechnique fãdãrale de lausanne epfl (Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft)
• Inventors: Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja, Graetzel, Michael, Etgar, Lioz
• Application Number:
  US14/419,171
• Publication Number:
  US 20150200377A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 30/10 comprising heterojunctions between organic semiconductors and inorganic semiconductors
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 30/151 the wide bandgap semiconductor comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 30/81 Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 30/87 Light-trapping means
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 85/00 Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 85/30 Coordination compounds
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 85/50 Organic perovskites; Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites [HOIP], e.g. CH3NH3PbI3
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 85/60 Organic compounds having low molecular weight H10K85/10 - H10K85/50 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/549 Organic PV cells

Abstract

The present invention provides a solid state heterojunction solar cell comprising a transparent conducting support layer (2,3), on which a nanostructured, surface-increasing scaffold structure is provided, wherein an organic-inorganic perovskite layer (4) is provided on said scaffold structure, and wherein a counter electrode and/or metal layer (5) is provided in electric contact with said perovskite layer (4). According to an embodiment, the solar cell lacks an electrolyte or any hole conducting material. The invention also relates to a solid state '"'"' heterojunction and to a method of preparing the solar cell.

Claims

1-15. -15. (canceled)

16. A solid-state solar cell comprising a conducting support layer and a surface-increasing scaffold structure, wherein one or more organic-inorganic perovskite layer is provided on said scaffold structure or on a protective layer being on said scaffold structure, and wherein a counter electrode and/or metal layer is provided in electric contact with said perovskite layer.

17. The solid-state solar cell of claim 16, wherein said solar cell lacks a separate, non-perovskite hole transporting material layer between said perovskite layer and said counter electrode.

18. The solid-state solar cell of claim 16, wherein said organic-inorganic perovskite layer comprises a perovskite-structure of the formula (I), (II), (III), and/or (IV) below,

A₂MX₄ 

 

(I)

AMX₃ 

 

(II)

ANX₄ 

 

(III)

BMX₄ 

 

(IV)

wherein,

A is an organic, monovalent cation selected from primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary organic ammonium compounds, including N-containing heterorings and ring systems, A having from 1 to 15 carbons and 1-20 heteroatoms;

B is an organic, bivalent cation selected from primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary organic ammonium compounds having from 1 to 15 carbons and 2-20 heteroatoms and having two positively charged nitrogen atoms;

M is a divalent metal cation selected from the group consisting of Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, Cr²⁺, Pd²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ge²⁺, Sn²⁺, Pb²⁺, Eu²⁺, or Yb²⁺;

N is selected from the group of Bi³⁺ and Sb³⁺; and

the three or four X are independently selected from Br⁻

, I⁻

, NCS⁻

, CN⁻

, and NCO⁻

.

19. The solid-state solar cell of claim 16, wherein said organic-inorganic perovskite layer comprises a perovskite-structure of any one of the formulae (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX) and (X);

APbX₃ 

 

(V)

ASnX₃ 

 

(VI)

A₂PbX₄ 

 

(VII)

A₂SnX₄ 

 

(VIII)

BPbX₄ 

 

(IX)

BSnX₄ 

 

(X)

A is an organic, monovalent cation selected from primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary organic ammonium compounds, including N-containing heterorings and ring systems, A having from 1 to 15 carbons and 1-20 heteroatoms;

B is an organic, bivalent cation selected from primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary organic ammonium compounds having from 1 to 15 carbons and 2-20 heteroatoms and having two positively charged nitrogen atoms;

M is a divalent metal cation selected from the group consisting of Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, Cr²⁺, Pd²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ge²⁺, Sn²⁺, Pb²⁺, Eu²⁺, or Yb²⁺;

N is selected from the group of Bi³⁺ and Sb³⁺; and

the three or four X are independently selected from Br⁻

, I⁻

, NCS⁻

, CN⁻

, and NCO⁻

.

20. The solid-state solar cell of claim 18, wherein X is selected from Br and I⁻

.

21. The solid-state solar cell of claim 19, wherein X is selected from Br⁻

and I⁻

.

22. The solid-state solar cell of claim 18, wherein A is a monovalent cation selected from any one of the compounds of formulae (1) to (8) below:

23. The solid-state solar cell of claim 19, wherein A is a monovalent cation selected from any one of the compounds of formulae (1) to (8) below:

24. The solid-state cell of claim 18, wherein B is a bivalent cation selected from any one of the compounds of formulae (9) and (10) below:

25. The solid-state cell of claim 19, wherein B is a bivalent cation selected from any one of the compounds of formulae (9) and (10) below:

26. The solid-state solar cell of claim 16, wherein said surface-increasing scaffold structure is made from and/or comprises one selected from the group consisting of a semiconductor material, a conducting material and a non-conducting material.

27. The solid-state solar cell of claim 16, wherein the surface area per gram ratio of said scaffold structure is in the range of 20 to 200 m²/g.

28. The solid-state solar cell of claim 16, wherein said scaffold structure comprises and/or is prepared from nanoparticles, such as nanosheets.

29. The solid-state solar cell of claim 16, wherein said scaffold structure is nanostructured and/or nanoporous.

30. The solid-state solar cell of claim 16, further comprising a metal oxide layer comprising a protective layer being a material selected from Mg-oxide, Hf-oxide, Ga-oxide, In-oxide, Nb-oxide, Ti-oxide, Ta-oxide, Y-oxide and Zr-oxide and having a thickness of not more than 1 nm.

31. The solid-state solar cell of claim 16, comprising two or more successive organic-inorganic perovskite layers, wherein said successive perovskite layers may be composed identically or wherein two or more of said layers may have a different molecular structure and/or composition.

32. A solid state heterojunction comprising a conducting support layer, on which a surface-increasing scaffold structure is provided, wherein one or more organic-inorganic perovskite layer is provided on said scaffold structure.