Radio Power Transmission Apparatus and Radio Power Transmission System

• US 20150200568A1
• Filed: 06/26/2012
• Published: 07/16/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 06/26/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Inventors: Takei, Ken
• Granted Patent: US 9,899,875 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/30 AC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/40 DC to AC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/70 Interactions with external data bases, e.g. traffic centres
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/12 Inductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/305 Communication interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/36 by positioning the vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/63 in response to network capacity
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/65 involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/21 having the same nominal voltage
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/20 using microwaves or radio frequency waves
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/23 characterised by the type of transmitting antennas, e.g. directional array antennas or Yagi antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/27 characterised by the type of receiving antennas, e.g. rectennas
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/40 using two or more transmitting or receiving devices H02J50/50 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/90 involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/79 for data transfer in combination with power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 : Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 : Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 : the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/14 : Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Abstract

A radio power transmission apparatus comprises a transmitter 20 having a power transmitting antenna 9 for transmitting electromagnetic waves and a power transmitting circuit and a receiver 40 having a power receiving antenna 29 for receiving electromagnetic waves and a power receiving circuit. In the radio power transmission apparatus, on the basis of power reflected to the power transmitting antenna 9, the power transmitting circuit executes control to change the circuit reactance of the power transmitting circuit in order to control the imaginary part of power of the electromagnetic waves to be transmitted. In addition, on the basis of a value of power transmitted to the transmitter 20 by using electromagnetic waves of power transmission used by the receiver 40 to transmit a value of power received by the receiver 40 through the power receiving antenna 29, the power transmitting circuit executes control to change the circuit reactance of the power transmitting circuit or the characteristic impedance of the power transmitting circuit in order to control the real part of power of the electromagnetic waves to be transmitted.

Claims

1. A radio power transmission apparatus comprising:

a transmitter having a power transmitting antenna for transmitting electromagnetic waves and a power transmitting circuit; and

a receiver having a power receiving antenna for receiving electromagnetic waves and a power receiving circuit, wherein;

on the basis of power reflected to the power transmitting antenna, the power transmitting circuit executes control to change the circuit reactance of the power transmitting circuit in order to control the imaginary part of power of the electromagnetic waves to be transmitted; and

on the basis of a value of power transmitted to the transmitter by using electromagnetic waves of power transmission used by the receiver to transmit a value of power received by the receiver through the power receiving antenna, the power transmitting circuit executes control to change the circuit reactance of the power transmitting circuit or the characteristic impedance of the power transmitting circuit in order to control the real part of power of the electromagnetic waves to be transmitted.

2. A radio power transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:

the power transmitting circuit and the power receiving circuit both have a variable reactance circuit and a variable circuit resistance conversion circuit or a variable characteristic impedance conversion circuit;

control of the circuit reactance of the power transmitting circuit and the circuit reactance of the power receiving circuit is executed by the variable reactance circuit;

control of the circuit resistance of the power transmitting circuit and the circuit resistance of the power receiving circuit or control of the characteristic impedance of the power transmitting circuit and the characteristic impedance of the power receiving circuit is executed by the variable circuit resistance conversion circuit or the variable characteristic impedance conversion circuit respectively.

5. A radio power transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:

the power transmitting circuit has a first demodulation circuit;

the power receiving circuit or the power transmitting/receiving circuit has a modulation circuit and a second demodulation circuit;

on the basis of power received by the power receiving circuit or the power transmitting/receiving circuit, the modulation circuit modulates electromagnetic waves of the power transmission;

the first or second demodulation circuit demodulates a modulated signal of electromagnetic waves of the power transmission; and

on the basis of a signal demodulated by the first or second demodulation circuit, the circuit resistance or the characteristic impedance of the power transmitting circuit and the power receiving circuit or the power transmitting/receiving circuit is controlled;

6. A radio power transmission apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:

the power transmitting circuit and the power receiving circuit or the power transmitting/receiving circuit carry out their respective circuit-reactance control and circuit-resistance control or characteristic-impedance control alternately along the time axis.

7. A radio power transmission apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:

the power transmitting circuit and the power receiving circuit or the power transmitting/receiving circuit carry out their respective circuit-reactance control and circuit-resistance control or characteristic-impedance control, the circuit-reactance control being executed prior to the circuit-resistance control or the characteristic-impedance control.

8. A radio power transmission apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:

the power transmitting circuit and the power receiving circuit or the power transmitting/receiving circuit carry out their respective circuit-reactance control and circuit-resistance control or characteristic-impedance control intermittently and alternately.

9. A radio power transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:

the power transmitting antenna and the power receiving antenna or the power transmitting/receiving antenna are each a circular polarized-wave antenna or a straight-line polarized-wave antenna.

10. A radio power transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:

the power transmitting antenna and the power receiving antenna or the power transmitting/receiving antenna are each formed as an assembly of small rectangular conductors.

11. A radio power transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:

a reactance device is loaded into each of the power transmitting antenna and the power receiving antenna or the power transmitting/receiving antenna.

12. A radio power transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:

the power receiving circuit further includes a rectification circuit and a power accumulation battery; and

received power is accumulated in the power accumulation battery through the rectification circuit.

13. A radio power transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:

the number of the power receiving circuits or the number of the power transmitting/receiving circuits is greater than the number of the power transmitting circuits.

14. An image display system comprising:

a radio power supplying apparatus which is an assembly of the transmitters of the radio power transmission apparatus according to claim 1; and

a image display apparatus having a plurality of the receivers.

15. A mobile-body power supplying system comprising:

a radio power supplying apparatus having the transmitter of the radio power transmission apparatus according to claim 1; and

a mobile body having the receiver.

3. A radio power transmission apparatus comprising:

a transmitter having a power transmitting antenna for transmitting electromagnetic waves and a power transmitting circuit;

a transceiver having a power transmitting/receiving antenna for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves and a power transmitting/receiving circuit;

a rectification circuit;

an inverter circuit; and

a power accumulation battery, wherein;

on the basis of power reflected to the power transmitting antenna, the power transmitting circuit executes control to change the circuit reactance of the power transmitting circuit in order to control the imaginary part of power of the electromagnetic waves to be transmitted; and

on the basis of a value of power transmitted to the transmitter by using electromagnetic waves of power transmission used by the transceiver to transmit a value of power received by the transceiver from the power transmitting/receiving antenna, the power transmitting circuit executes control to change the circuit reactance of the power transmitting circuit or the characteristic impedance of the power transmitting circuit in order to control the real part of power of the electromagnetic waves to be transmitted;

power received by the power transmitting/receiving circuit is converted by the rectification circuit into DC power;

the DC power is accumulated in the power accumulation battery;

the DC power accumulated in the power accumulation battery is converted by the inverter into AC power; and

the AC power is output by the power transmitting/receiving circuit to the external space through the power transmitting/receiving antenna.

4. A radio power transmission apparatus according to claim 3, wherein:

the power transmitting circuit and the power transmitting/receiving circuit both have a variable reactance circuit and a variable circuit resistance conversion circuit or a variable characteristic impedance conversion circuit;

control of the circuit reactance of the power transmitting circuit and the circuit reactance of the power transmitting/receiving circuit is executed by the variable reactance circuit;

control of the circuit resistance of the power transmitting circuit and the circuit resistance of the power transmitting/receiving circuit or control of the characteristic impedance of the power transmitting circuit and the characteristic impedance of the power transmitting/receiving circuit is executed by the variable circuit resistance conversion circuit or the variable characteristic impedance conversion circuit respectively.

16. A radio power transmission system, wherein:

when power is transmitted between the transmitter and a plurality of the transceiver in the radio power transmission apparatus according to claim 3;

in order to increase the efficiency of power transmission between a power transmitting circuit and a power transmitting/receiving circuit which are adjacent to each other and form a specific pair, the circuit characteristic impedance of the power transmitting circuit and the circuit characteristic impedance of the power transmitting/receiving circuit are controlled; and

in order to decrease the efficiency of power transmission between other pairs of the power transmitting circuit and other power transmitting/receiving circuits, the circuit characteristic impedance of the power transmitting circuit and the power transmitting/receiving circuits are controlled.

17. A radio power transmission system, wherein:

when power is transmitted between the transmitter and the transceiver in the radio power transmission apparatus according to claim 3;

adjacent pair of two transceivers having high power transmission efficiency therebetween that includes a specific transmitter transmits power to another pair of two transceivers, each unit of the transceivers-pair alternately serving as a transmitter or receiver;

other pairs of two transceivers transmit power by adoption of a relay technique; and

by carrying out the power transmission repeatedly, power can be transmitted to a transceiver located far from the specific transmitter.

18. A radio backup power/information transmission network, wherein:

a plurality of radio power transmission apparatus according to claim 3 are provided at a plurality of power supplying apparatus;

the power supplying apparatus are connected to each other by wire cables; and

the power supplying apparatus exchange power and information with each other by adoption of a radio technique.

19. A radio backup power supplying network, wherein:

a plurality of radio power transmission apparatus according to claim 3 are provided in a plurality of power supplying apparatus;

the power supplying apparatus are connected to each other by wire cables;

the power supplying apparatus exchange power and information with each other by adoption of a radio technique; and

the power supplying apparatus execute overall control of an operation area and supply power to equipment operating in the operation area.