In Vivo Sensors Having Ceria Nanoparticle Electrodes

• US 20150230737A1
• Filed: 09/20/2013
• Published: 08/20/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 09/21/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Abbott Diabetes Care Incorporated (Abbott Laboratories Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Abbott Diabetes Care Incorporated (Abbott Laboratories Incorporated)
• Inventors: Heller, Adam
• Granted Patent: US 10,004,439 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/145 Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissuemeasuring of blood pressure or blood flow A61B5/02; non-radiation detecting or locating of foreign bodies in blood A61B5/06
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14503 invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter or needle or using implanted sensors A61B5/1459, A61B5/1464, A61B5/1473, A61B5/1482, A61B5/14865 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14539 for measuring pH
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14542 for measuring blood gases A61B5/14551 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14546 for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1468 using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means A61B5/1486 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1486 using enzyme electrodes, e.g. with immobilised oxidase
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14865 invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter or needle or using implanted sensors
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/301 Reference electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/3272 Test elements therefor, i.e. disposable laminated substrates with electrodes, reagent and channels optical biosensors G01N33/52
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/3278 involving nanosized elements, e.g. nanogaps or nanoparticles nanopores G01N33/48721; magnetic beads G01N27/745

Abstract

Ceria nanoparticle compositions for use as electrode materials for in vivo electrochemical analyte sensors (e.g., glucose sensors) are provided, for example to form a cathode or a reference electrode. The ceria nanoparticle compositions may be combined with a conductive material (e.g., mixed with) to form the cathode or the reference electrode, or the ceria nanoparticle compositions may be deposited over conductive material to form the cathode or the reference electrode. Electrochemical in vivo sensors for monitoring the concentration of an analyte having a reference electrode and/or a cathode that includes a ceria nanoparticle composition, and methods for monitoring an analyte concentration using the electrochemical sensors are also described. Methods of making in vivo electrochemical analyte sensors having a reference electrode and/or a cathode that includes a ceria nanoparticle composition are also provided.

Claims

1. An electrode for an in vivo electrochemical sensor, the electrode comprising a ceria nanoparticle composition.

2. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the ceria nanoparticles of the composition are CeO_2-x nanoparticles.

3. The electrode according to claim 2, wherein x ranges from 0.1 to 0.5.

4. The electrode according to claim 3, wherein x is 0.2 or greater.

5. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the ceria nanoparticles of the composition have an oxygen-loading of 0.5 percent by weight oxygen or greater.

6. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the ceria nanoparticles are colloidal ceria.

7. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the ceria nanoparticles have a particle size range of from 10 nm to 30 nm.

8. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the ceria nanoparticle composition further comprises a conductive material mixed therewith.

9. The electrode according to claim 8, further comprising a substrate, and the ceria nanoparticle composition is positioned on a surface of the substrate.

10. The electrode according to claim 8, where the conductive material is carbon, platinum, gold or palladium.

11. The electrode according to claim 1, further comprising a polymer or copolymer.

12. The electrode according to claim 11, wherein the polymer or copolymer is a nitrogen containing polymer.

13. The electrode according to claim 12, wherein the polymer is a compound selected from the group consisting of polyallyamine, chitosan, poly-2-vinylpryidine, poly-2-vinyl-N-methylpyridinium hydroxide, poly-4-vinylpyridine, poly-4-vinyl-N-methylpyridinium hydroxide, poly-2-vinylpyridine-N-oxide, poly-2-vinylpyridine-N-hydroxide, poly-N-vinylimidazole and poly-4-vinylpyrdine co-polyethylene oxide.

14. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the weight percentage of ceria nanoparticles ranges from 10% to 80%.

15. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the ceria nanoparticles have a coulombic capacity of 0.5 millicoulombs or greater.

16. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the ceria nanoparticles have a coulombic capacity of 2 millicoulombs or greater.

17. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the ceria nanoparticles have a coulombic capacity of 5 millicoulombs or greater.

18. The electrode according to claim 1, further comprising a substrate and the ceria nanoparticle composition is positioned on a surface of the substrate.

19. The electrode according to claim 18, wherein the substrate is conductive.

20. The electrode according to claim 19, wherein the conductive substrate comprises gold, platinum, palladium, carbon, indium tin oxide, ruthenium oxide or doped tin oxide.

21. The electrode according to claim 19, wherein the conductive substrate comprises a conductive polymer disposed on the substrate.

22. The electrode according to claim 21, wherein the conductive polymer is polycationic.

23. The electrode according to claim 21, wherein the conductive polymer is a polythiophene.

24. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the electrode has a redox potential which differs by 300 mV or less than the redox potential of correspondingly sized a silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode.

25. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the electrode has a redox potential which differs by 200 mV or less than the redox potential of correspondingly sized a silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode.

26. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the electrode has a redox potential which differs by 100 mV or less than the redox potential of correspondingly sized a silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode.

27-120. -120. (canceled)