ACTIVE NOISE CONTROL WITH COMPENSATION FOR ACOUSTIC LEAK IN PERSONAL LISTENING DEVICES

• US 20150243271A1
• Filed: 02/22/2014
• Published: 08/27/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 02/22/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Goldstein, Andre L.
• Granted Patent: US 9,293,128 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/175 using interference effects; Masking sound
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17817 between the output signals and the error signals, i.e. secondary path
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17823 Reference signals, e.g. ambient acoustic environment
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17854 the filter being an adaptive filter
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17857 Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17875 using an error signal without a reference signal, e.g. pure feedback
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17881 the reference signal being an acoustic signal, e.g. recorded with a microphone
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17885 additionally using a desired external signal, e.g. pass-through audio such as music or speech
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/1081 Earphones, e.g. for telephones, ear protectors or headsets
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/3017 Copy, i.e. whereby an estimated transfer function in one functional block is copied to another block
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/3026 Feedback
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/3027 Feedforward
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/3213 Automatic gain control [AGC]
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 21/0208 Noise filtering
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/20 Automatic control H03G3/005 takes precedence; combined with volume compression or expansion H03G7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 1/1083 Reduction of ambient noise active noise reduction per se G10K11/175; protective devices for the ear, e.g. providing acoustic protection A61F11/06
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 2410/05 Noise reduction with a separate noise microphone
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 2460/01 Hearing devices using active noise cancellation
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 25/505 using digital signal processing

Abstract

An acoustic noise cancellation (ANC) process is performed during in-the-field use of a personal listening audio device, using a control filter to produce anti-noise by the device. The process includes computing an S_hat filter that estimates a signal path between an earpiece speaker of the device and an error microphone that are at a user'"'"'s ear. A response associated with the computed S_hat filter is compared to a predetermined response that is stored in the device. The control filter is adjusted in accordance with the comparison. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Claims

1. A method for in-the-field use of a personal listening audio device, comprising:

performing an acoustic noise cancellation (ANC) process during in-the-field use of a personal listening audio device using a control filter to produce anti-noise by the device, wherein the process includes computing an S_hat filter that estimates a signal path between an earpiece speaker of the device and an error microphone that are at a user'"'"'s ear;

comparing a response associated with the computed S_hat filter to a predetermined response that is stored in the device; and

adjusting the control filter of the ANC process in accordance with the comparison.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the ANC process comprises an adaptive control process that automatically updates the S_hat filter during in-the-field use of the device.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein comparing a response associated with the computed S_hat comprises:

feeding a test signal to an input of the S_hat filter;

computing strength of an output of the S_hat filter to the test signal; and

comparing the computed strength with a target strength, and wherein

adjusting the control filter comprises one of a) performing a look up in a table to obtain updated digital filter coefficients of the control filter, b) computing updated digital filter coefficients of the control filter based on a set of filter characteristic parameters, and c) changing a frequency independent gain stage of the control filter, based on a result of comparing with the target strength.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the target strength is a statistical central tendency of a plurality of leak conditions obtained when an instance of the audio device fits comfortably for a plurality of users.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein comparing a response associated with the computed S_hat filter comprises:

converting the computed S_hat filter into its transfer function;

computing strength of a given frequency band in the transfer function; and

comparing the computed strength to a target strength, and wherein

adjusting the control filter comprises one of a) performing a look up in a stored table to obtain updated digital filter coefficients of the control filter, b) computing updated digital filter coefficients of the control filter based on a set of characteristic filter parameters, and c) changing a frequency independent gain stage of the control filter, based on a result of comparing with the target strength.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the stored table comprises a plurality of groups of digital filter coefficients, wherein each group of coefficients can define the control filter and is associated with a respective one of a plurality of different acoustic leakage scenarios.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the plurality of groups of digital filter coefficients define a plurality of low frequency shelf filters.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the control filter comprises a first component filter in series with a second component filter, wherein adjusting the control filter comprises updating the second component filter and not the first component filter.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the control filter has an input coupled to receive a signal derived from an output of the error microphone.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein the control filter has an input coupled to receive a signal derived from an output of a reference microphone.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the first component filter is a variable filter, the method further comprising:

performing an adaptive control process that adapts the first component filter based on the signals derived from the outputs of the reference and error microphones.

12. The method of claim 9 further comprising:

performing an adaptive control process that adapts a further control filter based on the signal derived from the error microphone and a signal derived from a reference microphone; and

combining signals from the control filter and the further control filter to produce the anti-noise.

13. A method for in-the-field use of a personal listening audio device, comprising:

performing an acoustic noise cancellation (ANC) process during in-the-field use of a personal listening audio device using a first control filter and a second filter control whose outputs are combined to produce anti-noise by the device, wherein the process includes computing an S_hat filter that estimates a signal path between an earpiece speaker of the device and an error microphone that are at a user'"'"'s ear, and performing an adaptive control process that adapts the first control filter based on signals derived from a reference microphone and the error microphone;

performing an automatic gain control process (AGC) that computes strength of a signal derived from the error microphone, compares the computed strength to a target strength, and based on the comparison selects one of a plurality of previously determined filter specifications; and

configuring the second control filter of the ANC process in accordance with the selected filter specification.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the adaptive control process uses a filtered-x LMS adaptive algorithm.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein the AGC process computes strength of a frequency band that is a constituent part of the signal derived from the error microphone.

16. The method of claim 13 wherein the signal derived from the error microphone is a residual ANC error signal.

17. An acoustic noise cancellation (ANC) audio device comprising:

a speaker housing to be held against or inside a user'"'"'s ear, the housing having integrated therein an error microphone and a speaker driver system, wherein the speaker driver system is to covert an audio signal and an anti-noise signal into sound and wherein there is acoustic leakage past the speaker housing and into the user'"'"'s ear canal;

a programmable digital filter to produce the anti-noise signal;

an adaptive control system having an input coupled to an output of the error microphone and a further input coupled to the audio signal, the adaptive control system to compute an S_hat filter representing a signal path that is from an input of the speaker driver system to an output of the error microphone; and

a controller to use information in the S_hat filter to estimate size of the acoustic leakage and in response adjust the programmable digital filter to compensate for the leakage.

18. The ANC audio device of claim 17 wherein the speaker housing is an earbud housing.

19. The ANC audio device of claim 17 wherein the speaker housing is an earpiece speaker housing portion of a mobile phone handset.

20. The ANC audio device of claim 17 wherein the estimated size of the acoustic leakage is large when the speaker housing forms a loose seal with the user'"'"'s ear, and small when the speaker housing forms a tight seal with the user'"'"'s ear.

21. The ANC audio device of claim 17 wherein the controller is to compute a measure of an output signal of the S_hat filter while stimulating the S_hat filter with a predetermined input signal, and is to estimate size of the acoustic leakage by comparing the computed measure of the output signal to a target.

22. The ANC audio device of claim 17 wherein the controller is to compute a transfer function of the S_hat filter and is to estimate size of the acoustic leakage by comparing strength of a frequency band of the transfer function to a target.

23. The ANC audio device of claim 22 wherein the controller is to one of a) perform a look up in a table to obtain updated digital filter coefficients of the programmable digital filter, b) compute updated digital filter coefficients of the programmable digital filter based on a set of characteristic filter parameters, and c) change a frequency independent gain stage of the programmable digital filter, based on a result of said comparison to the target.