OUTPUT POWER PROTECTION APPARATUS AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME

• US 20150244167A1
• Filed: 07/31/2014
• Published: 08/27/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 02/24/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Delta Electronics Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Delta Electronics Incorporated
• Inventors: TSAO, Wen-Sheng, CHEN, Chin-Hou, CHAN, Jui-Teng, CHANG, Chen-Tung, HUANG, Chen-Bin, PENG, Wei-Cheng
• Granted Patent: US 9,425,612 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/10 DC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/12 Buck converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0069 relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/10 for monitoring or controlling batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/20 having different nominal voltages
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 3/087 for dc applications
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 3/18 responsive to reversal of direct current
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 3/202 for dc systems
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 7/18 for batteries; for accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 9/02 responsive to excess current current limitation for voltage regulators G05F1/573; disconnection after limiting H02H3/025
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0029 with safety or protection devices or circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00304 Overcurrent protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00308 Overvoltage protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0031 using battery or load disconnect circuits H02J9/002 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0034 using reverse polarity correcting or protecting circuits mechanical means of polarity protection H02J7/0045
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/342 The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging with circuits for polarity protection H02J7/0034
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

An output power protection apparatus includes a DC conversion unit, an output protection unit, a high-voltage battery, a low-voltage battery, and a control unit. The DC conversion unit converts an input DC power into an output DC power. The output protection unit is connected in series to the DC conversion unit, and the output protection unit has a plurality of protection circuits connected in parallel to each other. When a short-circuit condition occurs between the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery or the low-voltage battery is reversely connected in polarity, the control unit generates a control signal to control the protection circuits to disconnect the connection between the low-voltage battery and a low-voltage device, and the DC conversion unit.

Claims

1. An output power protection apparatus comprising:

a DC conversion unit configured to convert an input DC power into an output DC power;

an output protection unit connected in series to the DC conversion unit, and having a plurality of protection circuits connected in parallel to each other;

a high-voltage battery being charged by the input DC power;

a low-voltage battery connected between the DC conversion unit, the output protection unit, and a low-voltage device, and being charged by the output DC power; and

a control unit;

wherein the control unit is configured to generate a control signal to control the protection circuits to disconnect the connection between the low-voltage battery and the low-voltage device, and the DC conversion unit when a short-circuit condition occurs between the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery or the low-voltage battery is reversely connected in polarity.

2. The output power protection apparatus in claim 1, wherein each protection circuit comprises a transistor, a first resistor, and a second resistor;

the transistor has a gate, a source, and a drain;

the first resistor is connected between the source and the gate;

the second resistor is connected between the source and the control unit.

3. The output power protection apparatus in claim 2, wherein the transistors are n-type MOSFETs;

each n-type MOSFET has a gate, a source, and a drain;

the drain is connected to the DC conversion unit;

the source is connected to a first terminal of the first resistor and the low-voltage device;

the gate is connected to a second terminal of the first resistor and a first terminal of the second resistor;

a second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the control unit.

4. The output power protection apparatus in claim 2, wherein the transistors are p-type MOSFETs;

each p-type MOSFET has a gate, a source, and a drain;

the drain is connected to the low-voltage device;

the source is connected to a first terminal of the first resistor and the DC conversion unit;

the gate is connected to a second terminal of the first resistor and a first terminal of the second resistor;

a second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the control unit.

5. The output power protection apparatus in claim 2, wherein the number of the transistor is determined according to the output power of the DC conversion unit and consumed heat of the transistors.

6. The output power protection apparatus in claim 1, further comprising:

a filtering unit connected to the DC conversion unit, and configured to receive the input DC power and filter the input DC power.

7. The output power protection apparatus in claim 1, wherein the DC conversion unit is a non-isolated DC-to-DC converter or an isolated DC-to-DC converter.

8. The output power protection apparatus in claim 7, wherein the output protection apparatus is configured to provide a short-circuit protection between the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery and a polarity reverse protection of the low-voltage battery when the DC conversion unit is the non-isolated DC-to-DC converter.

9. The output power protection apparatus in claim 7, wherein the output protection apparatus is configured to provide a polarity reverse protection of the low-voltage battery when the DC conversion unit is the isolated DC-to-DC converter.

10. The output power protection apparatus in claim 1, wherein the input DC power is generated from a rechargeable battery or a generator.

11. A method of operating an output power protection apparatus comprising following steps:

(a) providing a DC conversion unit, the DC conversion unit configured to convert an input DC power into an output DC power;

(b) providing an output protection unit, the output protection unit connected in series to the DC conversion unit, and having a plurality of protection circuits connected in parallel to each other;

(c) providing a high-voltage battery and a low-voltage battery, the high-voltage battery being charged by the input DC power, and the low-voltage battery connected between the DC conversion unit, the output protection unit, and a low-voltage device, and being charged by the output DC power;

(d) providing a control unit; and

(e) generating a control signal by the control unit to control the protection circuits to disconnect the connection between the low-voltage battery and the low-voltage device, and the DC conversion unit when a short-circuit condition occurs between the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery or the low-voltage battery is reversely connected in polarity.

12. The method of operating the output power protection apparatus in claim 11, wherein each protection circuit comprises a transistor, a first resistor, and a second resistor;

the transistor has a gate, a source, and a drain;

the first resistor is connected between the source and the gate;

the second resistor is connected between the source and the control unit.

13. The method of operating the output power protection apparatus in claim 12, wherein the transistors are n-type MOSFETs;

each n-type MOSFET has a gate, a source, and a drain;

the drain is connected to the DC conversion unit;

the source is connected to a first terminal of the first resistor and the low-voltage device;

the gate is connected to a second terminal of the first resistor and a first terminal of the second resistor;

a second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the control unit.

14. The method of operating the output power protection apparatus in claim 12, wherein the transistors are p-type MOSFETs;

each p-type MOSFET has a gate, a source, and a drain;

the drain is connected to the low-voltage device;

the source is connected to a first terminal of the first resistor and the DC conversion unit;

the gate is connected to a second terminal of the first resistor and a first terminal of the second resistor;

a second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the control unit.

15. The method of operating the output power protection apparatus in claim 12, wherein the number of the transistor is determined according to the output power of the DC conversion unit and consumed heat of the transistors.

16. The method of operating the output power protection apparatus in claim 11, further comprising:

(f) providing a filtering unit, the filtering unit connected to the DC conversion unit, and configured to receive the input DC power and filter the input DC power.

17. The method of operating the output power protection apparatus in claim 11, wherein the DC conversion unit is a non-isolated DC-to-DC converter or an isolated DC-to-DC converter.

18. The method of operating the output power protection apparatus in claim 17, wherein the output protection apparatus is configured to provide a short-circuit protection between the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery and a polarity reverse protection of the low-voltage battery when the DC conversion unit is the non-isolated DC-to-DC converter.

19. The method of operating the output power protection apparatus in claim 17, wherein the output protection apparatus is configured to provide a polarity reverse protection of the low-voltage battery when the DC conversion unit is the isolated DC-to-DC converter.

20. The method of operating the output power protection apparatus in claim 11, wherein the input DC power is generated from a rechargeable battery or a generator.