INDUCTIVE POWER COUPLING SYSTEMS FOR ROADWAYS

• US 20150246614A1
• Filed: 12/21/2012
• Published: 09/03/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 12/21/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Andrew Howe, Andrew Nicholas Dames, Timothy Sweyn Norris
• Original Assignee: Andrew Howe, Andrew Nicholas Dames, Timothy Sweyn Norris
• Inventors: Dames, Andrew Nicholas, Howe, Andrew, Norris, Timothy Sweyn
• Granted Patent: US 9,862,277 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/26 Rail vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 5/005 without mechanical contact between the collector and the power supply line
• CPC Class Codes: B60M 3/04 Arrangements for cutting in and out of individual track sections by passage of the vehicle B60M1/10
• CPC Class Codes: B60M 7/003 for vehicles using stored power (e.g. charging stations)
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 27/363 made of electrically conductive material
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 38/14 Inductive couplings for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling H02J50/10
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/70 involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 5/293 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 9/0075 Magnetic shielding materials
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

An inductive power transfer system (10) for roadways includes at least one drive unit arrangement (50) coupled to at least one drive coil arrangement (40) disposed along a roadway (20) for generating a magnetic field extending upwardly from the roadway (20), and at least one vehicle (30) including a corresponding pickup coil arrangement (60) coupled to a power conditioning circuit arrangement (80, 200) for receiving the extending magnetic field for providing power to operate the at least one vehicle (30). The at least one drive unit arrangement (50) is operable to excite, for example at resonance, the at least one drive coil arrangement (40) at a fundamental frequency (f₀) of at least 30 kHz, preferably at least 50 kHz, more preferably at least 100 kHz, and most preferably at least 140 kHz. The at least one drive coil arrangement (40) is implemented to be substantially devoid of ferromagnetic components for providing a path for the extending magnetic field. Optionally, the at least one drive unit arrangement (50) is operable to employ a balanced class-E amplifier arrangement for exciting the at least one drive coil arrangement (40) at the fundamental frequency (f₀). Optionally, the at least one drive unit arrangement (50) is operable to employ one or more Silicon Carbide semiconductor devices for switching the currents provided to the corresponding at least one drive coil arrangement (40). Optionally, there is further included a passive and/or active suppression arrangement (100, 110, 120, 130, 140) for suppressing harmonic magnetic field components generated by the system (10) at multiples of the fundamental frequency (f₀) when in operation.

Claims

1. An inductive power transfer system for roadways, the system comprising at least one drive unit arrangement coupled to at least one drive coil arrangement disposed along a roadway for generating a magnetic field extending upwardly from the roadway, and at least one vehicle including a corresponding pickup coil arrangement coupled to a power conditioning circuit arrangement for receiving the extending magnetic field for providing power to operate the at least one vehicle,

wherein the inductive power transfer system further includes an active suppression arrangement for suppressing harmonic magnetic field components generated by the system at multiples of the fundamental frequency when in operation.

5. The inductive power transfer system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one drive unit arrangement is operable to employ a balanced class-E amplifier arrangement for exciting the at least one drive coil arrangement at the fundamental frequency.

6. The inductive power transfer system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one drive unit arrangement is operable to employ one or more Silicon Carbide semiconductor devices for switching the currents provided to the corresponding at least one drive coil arrangement.

7. The inductive power transfer system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one vehicle includes a magnetic shield arrangement disposed spatially adjacent to the pickup coil arrangement with a gap distance therebetween, such that the pickup coil arrangement is disposed between the magnetic shield arrangement and the drive coil arrangement when the system is in operation.

8. The inductive power transfer system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one vehicle includes a magnetic shield arrangement disposed spatially adjacent to the pickup coil arrangement with a gap distance therebetween, such that the pickup coil arrangement is disposed between the magnetic shield arrangement and the drive coil arrangement when the system is in operation, and wherein the magnetic shield arrangement is fabricated from a non-ferromagnetic electrically-conductive metallic material.

9. The inductive power transfer system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one vehicle includes a magnetic shield arrangement disposed spatially adjacent to the pickup coil arrangement with a gap distance therebetween, such that the pickup coil arrangement is disposed between the magnetic shield arrangement and the drive coil arrangement when the system is in operation, and wherein the magnetic shield arrangement is fabricated from a non-ferromagnetic electrically-conductive metallic material, and wherein the magnetic shield arrangement is fabricated from a composite material including non-ferromagnetic electrically-conductive metallic sheet material.

10. The inductive power transfer system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one vehicle includes a magnetic shield arrangement disposed spatially adjacent to the pickup coil arrangement with a gap distance therebetween, such that the pickup coil arrangement is disposed between the magnetic shield arrangement and the drive coil arrangement when the system is in operation, and wherein the magnetic shield arrangement is fabricated from a non-ferromagnetic electrically-conductive metallic material, and wherein the non-ferromagnetic conductive metallic material is at least one of:

Aluminium, Aluminium alloy, Aluminium-Copper alloy, Magnesium alloy, Titanium, Titanium alloy.

13. The inductive power transfer system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pickup coil arrangement of the at least one vehicle is provided with a plurality of coils, and the power conditioning circuit arrangement is operable to select amongst the plurality of coils for achieving a most efficient inductive power coupling to the at least one vehicle.

18. The inductive power transfer system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one drive unit arrangement of the system is operable to energize its corresponding at least one drive coil arrangement to transfer power at the at least one vehicle only when the at least one vehicle is travelling greater than a threshold speed in relation to the at least one drive unit arrangement.

20. A vehicle which is operable with an inductive power transfer system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vehicle includes a pickup coil arrangement for receiving inductively coupled power from the system, a magnetic shield arrangement disposed spatially adjacent to the pickup coil arrangement, such that the pickup coil arrangement is disposed between the magnetic shield arrangement and a drive coil arrangement of the system when the system is in operation, and a power conditioning circuit arrangement coupled to the pickup coil arrangement for forming inductively coupled power received at the vehicle to provide motive force to propel the vehicle.

21. The vehicle as claimed in claim 20, wherein the magnetic shield arrangement is fabricated from a non-ferromagnetic electrically-conductive metallic material.

22. The vehicle as claimed in claim 20, wherein the magnetic shield arrangement is fabricated from a non-ferromagnetic electrically-conductive metallic material, and wherein the magnetic shield arrangement is fabricated from a composite material including non-ferromagnetic electrically-conductive metallic sheet material.

23. The vehicle as claimed in claim 20, wherein the magnetic shield arrangement is fabricated from a non-ferromagnetic electrically-conductive metallic material, and wherein the non-ferromagnetic conductive metallic material is at least one of:

Aluminium, Aluminium alloy, Aluminium-Copper alloy, Magnesium alloy, Titanium, Titanium alloy.

24. The vehicle as claimed in claim 20, wherein the pickup coil arrangement of the vehicle is provided with a plurality of coils, and the power conditioning circuit arrangement is operable to select amongst the plurality of coils for achieving a most efficient inductive power coupling to the vehicle.

171. The inductive power transfer system as claimed in claim 1, further including a passive suppression arrangement for suppressing harmonic magnetic field components generated by the system at multiples of the fundamental frequency when in operation.

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53. A method of inductively transferring power for roadways, the methods comprising:

(a) using at least one drive unit arrangement coupled to at least one drive coil arrangement disposed along a roadway for generating a magnetic field extending upwardly from the roadway; and

(b) at at least one vehicle including a corresponding pickup coil arrangement coupled to a power conditioning circuit arrangement, receiving the extending magnetic field for providing power to operate the at least one vehicle; and

(c) using an active suppression arrangement for suppressing harmonic magnetic field components generated from the at least one drive coil arrangement at multiples of the fundamental frequency when in operation.

54. The method as claimed in claim 53, including using the at least one drive unit arrangement to excite the at least one drive coil arrangement at a fundamental frequency of at least 50 kHz.

55. The method as claimed in claim 53, including using the at least one drive unit arrangement to excite the at least one drive coil arrangement at a fundamental frequency of at least 100 kHz.

56. The method as claimed in claim 53, including using the at least one drive unit arrangement to excite the at least one drive coil arrangement at a fundamental frequency of at least 140 kHz.

57. The method as claimed in claim 53, including employing in the at least one drive unit arrangement a balanced class-E amplifier arrangement for exciting the at least one drive coil arrangement at the fundamental frequency.

58. The method as claimed in claim 53, including employing in the at least one drive unit arrangement one or more Silicon Carbide semiconductor devices for switching the currents provided to the corresponding at least one drive coil arrangement.

59. The method as claimed in claim 53, including disposing in the at least one vehicle a magnetic shield arrangement spatially adjacent to the pickup coil arrangement with a gap therebetween, such that the pickup coil arrangement is disposed between the magnetic shield arrangement and the drive coil arrangement when in operation.

60. The method as claimed in claim 53, including disposing in the at least one vehicle a magnetic shield arrangement spatially adjacent to the pickup coil arrangement with a gap therebetween, such that the pickup coil arrangement is disposed between the magnetic shield arrangement and the drive coil arrangement when in operation, and including fabricating the magnetic shield arrangement from a non-ferromagnetic electrically-conductive metallic material.

61. The method as claimed in claim 53, including disposing in the at least one vehicle a magnetic shield arrangement spatially adjacent to the pickup coil arrangement with a gap therebetween, such that the pickup coil arrangement is disposed between the magnetic shield arrangement and the drive coil arrangement when in operation, and including fabricating the magnetic shield arrangement from a non-ferromagnetic electrically-conductive metallic material, wherein the non-ferromagnetic conductive metallic material is at least one of:

Aluminium, Aluminium alloy, Aluminium-Copper alloy, Magnesium alloy, Titanium, Titanium alloy.

63. The method as claimed in claim 53, including providing the pickup coil arrangement of the at least one vehicle with a plurality of coils, and operating the power conditioning circuit arrangement to select amongst the plurality of coils for achieving a most efficient inductive power coupling to the at least one vehicle.

172. The method as claimed in claim 53, wherein the method employs a passive suppression arrangement for suppressing harmonic magnetic field components generated from the at least one drive coil arrangement at multiples of the fundamental frequency when in operation.

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67. A method of installing a drive coil arrangement into a roadway for implanting an inductive power transfer system for roadways, the system having at least one drive unit arrangement coupled to at least one drive coil arrangement disposed along a roadway for generating a magnetic field extending upwardly from the roadway, and at least one vehicle including a corresponding pickup coil arrangement coupled to a power conditioning circuit arrangement for receiving the extending magnetic field for providing power to operate the at least one vehicle, wherein the inductive power transfer system further includes an active suppression arrangement for suppressing harmonic magnetic field components generated by the system at multiples of the fundamental frequency when in operation, the method for installing the drive coil arrangement comprisinq:

(a) employing a cutting tool to cut one or more slots into asphalt and/or concrete on an upper surface of the roadway so as to define a complete loop path, including one or more slots leading to a peripheral edge of the roadway;

(b) installing one or more turns of a coil of a drive coil arrangement into the one or more slots, terminating the coil along slots to the peripheral edge of the roadway; and

(c) backfilling remaining regions of the one or more slots devoid of cable with a filling material such that the one or more slots are filling such that an upper surface of the filled slots are substantially flush with an upper surface of the roadway.

68. A method of employing an inductive power transfer system for providing responsive load functionality for assisting to stabilize an electrical supply network providing power to the inductive power transfer system, the method comprising:

(a) generating a signal in respect of the electrical supply network indicative of a degree of balance of the supply network; and

(b) communicating the signal to at least one of a drive unit arrangement of a roadway and a power conditioning circuit arrangement on board a vehicle operable to receive inductively coupled power provided via the drive unit arrangement for controlling power delivered to the vehicle for assisting to balance the electrical supply network.

69. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions which, when executed by one or more computers or computer servers are operable to cause the one or more computers or computer servers to perform operations to implement inductive transfer of power for roadways, the operations to implement the transfer comprising:

(a) a magnetic field generation operation, that includes use of at least one drive unit arrangement coupled to at least one drive coil arrangement disposed along a roadway for generating a magnetic field extending upwardly from the roadway;

(b) a magnetic field receiving operation, that includes at at least one vehicle having a corresponding pickup coil arrangement coupled to a power conditioning circuit arrangement, receiving the extending magnetic field for providing power to operate the at least one vehicle;

wherein the method further includes;

(i) using a suppression arrangement for suppressing harmonic magnetic field components generated from the at least one drive coil arrangement at multiples of the fundamental frequency when in operation, wherein the method employs an active suppression arrangement for suppressing harmonic magnetic field components generated from the at least one drive coil arrangement at multiples of the fundamental frequency when in operation.

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