SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MONITORING RESUSCITATION OR RESPIRATORY MECHANICS OF A PATIENT

• US 20150283342A1
• Filed: 11/19/2013
• Published: 10/08/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 11/19/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: The General Hospital Corporation (Mass General Brigham, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: The General Hospital Collection
• Inventors: Mielcarz, Craig, Cedrone, Kevin, Data, Sanotrino, Olson, Kristian
• Granted Patent: US 11,129,950 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/085 Measuring impedance of respiratory organs or lung elasticity
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/087 Measuring breath flow
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0935 Recording apparatus specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0003 Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0051 with alarm devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0078 Breathing bags
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0084 self-reinflatable by elasticity, e.g. resuscitation squeeze bags
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/021 operated by electrical means A61M16/202 – A61M16/205 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/04 Tracheal tubes catheters in general A61M25/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/208 Non-controlled one-way valves, e.g. exhalation, check, pop-off non-rebreathing valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/209 Relief valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0027 pressure meter
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0033 electrical
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0036 in the breathing tube and used in both inspiratory and expiratory phase
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/075 Bulb type
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/15 Detection of leaks
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/502 User interfaces, e.g. screens or keyboards
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/52 with memories providing a history of measured variating parameters of apparatus or patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/581 by audible feedback
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/582 by tactile feedback
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/583 : by visual feedback
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/8206 : battery-operated
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/8212 : with means or measures taken for minimising energy consumption
• CPC Class Codes: G09B 23/288 : for artificial respiration or heart massage

Abstract

A system and method for monitoring resuscitation and respiratory mechanics of a patient is provided. A pressure sensor detects air pressure within an air-flow path of a resuscitator and generates a first detection signal in response thereto. A flow-rate sensor detects the flow-rate within the air-flow path and generates a second detection signal In response thereto. A processor receives and processes the first and second detection signals using an algorithm to identify a ventilation rate, a lung pressure, and an air volume corresponding to the respiratory air. A report is generated of real-time feedback about respiration of the patient that includes the ventilation rate, lung pressure, and air volume.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring respiration and resuscitation of a patient, the device comprising;

a housing having an inlet and an outlet configured to communicate respiratory air and connected by an air-flow path;

a pressure sensor configured to detect air pressure within the air-flow path and generate a first detection signal in response thereto;

a flow-rate sensor configured to detect flow-rate within the air-flow path and generate a second detection signal in response thereto;

a processor configured to receive and process the first detection signal and the second detection signal using an algorithm to identify at least one of a ventilation rate, a lung pressure, and an air volume corresponding to the respiratory air; and

a feedback device coupled to the processor and configured to generate a report of real-time feedback about respiration of the patient through the device including the at least one of the ventilation rate, lung pressure, and air volume.

2. The device as recited in claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine a characteristic of the at least one of the ventilation rate, lung pressure, and air volume detected by at least one of the pressure sensor and flow-rate sensor indicating at least one of a blocked airway of the patient and an air leak in the air-flow path and optionally generate an alarm communicated through at least the feedback device using the report.

3. The device as recited in claim 1, wherein the feedback device includes a plurality of indicators to indicate when at least one of the ventilation rate, the lung pressure and the air volume corresponding to the patient is above or below a predetermined value, the plurality of indicators being at least one of a visual indicator and an audible indicator.

4. The device as recited in claim 3, wherein the audible indicator is configured to vary in at least one of pitch, tone, and beat rate in response to changes in the at least one of the ventilation rate, the lung pressure, and the air volume.

5. The device as recited in claim 1, wherein the pressure sensor is at least one of a capacitive pressure sensor, a hall effect sensor, a photo-diode emitter and receiver, a differential pressure sensor, a strain-based sensor, and a flexible diaphragm including at least one of a capacitive means and an inductive means.

6. The device as recited in claim 1, wherein the flow-rate sensor is at least one of a hot wire anemometer, a hot film anemometer, a rotating vane anemometer, a mechanical switch, an optical switch, a cold-wire inductance oscillator, a laminar flow element differential pressure sensor, a vortex flow sensor, an ultrasonic flow sensor, a venturi differential pressure sensor, a pitot-static tube configuration, an orifice plate differential pressure sensor, a Dall tube, a spring-loaded vane air flow meter, and a flap type air flow meter.

7. The device as recited in claim 1, further comprising at least one of a ventilation mask, an endotracheal tube, and a laryngeal tube configured to be received by at least one of a neonate, an infant, a pediatric patient, an adult patient, and an animal.

8. The device as recited in claim 1, further comprising a memory configured to store at least one of the first signal, the second signal, and the at least one of the ventilation rate, lung pressure, and air volume.

9. The device as recited in claim 8, further comprising a user interface configured to allow a user to access at least one of the ventilation rate, lung pressure, and air volume from the memory accompanied by resuscitation training information.

10. The device as recited in claim 1, wherein the algorithm used to identify at least one of the ventilation rate, the lung pressure, and the air volume is a constitutive non-linear model of lung compliance that relates the air pressure to the air volume in terms of elasticity.

11. The device as recited in claim 1, wherein the algorithm includes at least one of the following formulas:

12. The device as recited in claim 1, wherein the respiration of the patient is monitored during a resuscitation process.

13. A method for monitoring resuscitation performance of a patient coupled to a resuscitation device, the method comprising the steps of:

detecting an air pressure and a flow-rate of respiratory air moving through an air-flow path within a housing having an inlet and an outlet using at least one of a pressure sensor and a flow-rate sensor positioned in the housing;

generating a first detection signal indicating detected air pressure and a second detection signal indicating the flow-rate;

processing the first detection signal and the second detection signal using a non-linear model of lung compliance that relates the air pressure to the air volume in terms of elasticity to identify at least one of a ventilation rate, a lung pressure, and an air volume; and

communicating a relative resuscitation performance in real-time based on the at least one of the ventilation rate, lung pressure, and air volume.

14. The method as recited in claim 13, further comprising analyzing the at least one of the ventilation rate, lung pressure, and air volume to determine a potential for a blocked airway of the patient and an air leak in the air-flow path and, upon the potential reaching a predetermined threshold, communicating an alert.

15. The method as recited in claim 14, wherein communicating the alert includes at least one of a visual alert and an audible alert.

16. The method as recited in claim 13, further comprising storing at least one of the first detection signal, the second detection signal, and the at least one of the ventilation rate, lung pressure, and air volume to a memory.

17. The method as recited in claim 16, further comprising accessing the at least one of the ventilation rate, lung pressure, and air volume from the memory and comparing the at least one of the ventilation rate, lung pressure, and air volume to resuscitation training information.

18. A retrofit device adapted for a resuscitator to monitor respiration of a patient, the retrofit device comprising:

a housing configured to be positioned between an inlet d an outlet of a resuscitator to have an air-flow path extend therethrough;

a pressure sensor supported by the housing and configured to detect air pressure within the air-flow path of the resuscitator and generate a first detection signal in response thereto;

a flow-rate sensor supported by the housing and configured to detect flow-rate within the air-flow path and generate a second detection signal in response thereto; and

a processor configured to receive and process the first detection signal and the second detection signal using an algorithm to identify at least one of a ventilation rate, a lung pressure, and an air volume corresponding to respiratory air.

19. A training device for providing feedback about respiratory air of a patient during resuscitation, the training device comprising:

a pressure sensor configured to detect air pressure within an air-flow path of the training device and generate a first feedback signal in response thereto;

a flow-rate sensor configured to detect flow-rate within the air-flow path and generate a second feedback signal in response thereto;

a processor configured to receive and process the first feedback signal and the second feedback signal using an algorithm to identify at least one of a ventilation rate, a lung pressure, and an air volume corresponding to the respiratory air; and

a user interface coupled to the processor and configured to generate as report of one of real-time data and pre-acquired data about respiration of the patient through the training device including the at least one of the ventilation rate, lung pressure, and air volume, wherein the at least one of real-time data and pre-acquired data is compared to resuscitation training information.

20. The training device as recited in claim 19, wherein the user interface is communicatively coupled to at least one of a personal computer, a laptop, a tablet, and a wireless device.