DEVICE AND METHODS FOR DETECTION OF ANALYTES INCLUDING USE OF A COLORIMETRIC BARCODE

• US 20150316483A1
• Filed: 12/18/2013
• Published: 11/05/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 12/20/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Teledyne FLIR Detection Incorporated (Teledyne Technologies Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Flir Detection, Inc. (Teledyne Technologies Incorporated)
• Inventors: Deans, Robert, Loges, Peter G., McDaniel, William, Hancock, Lawrence F., Szabo, Matthew Joseph, Paul, Kateri E.
• Granted Patent: US 9,851,307 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0627 Sensor or part of a sensor is integrated
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0681 Filter
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0861 Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/087 Multiple sequential chambers
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/12 Specific details about materials
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5023 with a sample being transported to, and subsequently stored in an absorbent for analysis
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/7786 Fluorescence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/66 electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/76 Chemiluminescence; Bioluminescence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/78 producing a change of colour
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/10 Scanning
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 31/22 using chemical indicators G01N31/02 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/2575 Volumetric liquid transfer

Abstract

Embodiments described herein related to devices and methods for the collection and/or determination of analytes, such as illicit substances including military explosives, explosives, and precursors thereof. In some cases, the device may be a disposable device that incorporates highly efficient sample collection in combination with microfluidic-based chemical analysis resulting in the rapid detection and identification of unknown materials. In some cases, multiple colorimetric detection chemistries may be employed, and the resulting “barcode” of color changes can be used to positively identify the presence and/or identity of the analyte.

Claims

1. A device for determining an analyte, comprising:

a sample collection portion arranged on a first region of the device and comprising a sample collection well;

a sample collection substrate detachably attached to the device and capable of being inserted into the sample collection well; and

a sample analysis portion arranged on a second region of the device and in fluid communication with the sample collection portion, the sample analysis portion comprising;

at least one fluid container containing a fluid carrier, at least one channel comprising a chemical reagent capable of generating a luminescent or colorimetric signal, and a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the at least one fluid container, the at least one channel, and the sample collection substrate,

wherein the sample collection portion and the sample analysis portion are integrally connected to one another.

2. A device as in claim 1, wherein the first and second regions are located on the same side of the device.

3. A device as in claim 1, wherein the first and second regions are located on different sides of the device.

4. A device as in claim 1, wherein the first and second regions are located on opposing sides of the device.

5. A device as in claim 1, wherein the first and second regions are located on sides of the device that are substantially perpendicular to one another.

6. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample collection well is arranged on the first region of the device.

7. A device as in any preceding claim, further comprising a sample lid detachably attached to the sample collection portion, wherein the sample collection well is arranged on the sample lid.

8. A device as in claim 1, wherein the sample analysis portion comprises a plurality of channels, each channel comprising a different chemical reagent capable of generating a luminescent or colorimetric signal.

9. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the plurality of channels is constructed and arranged to simultaneously receive portions of the sample.

10. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis portion comprises at least 5 channels.

11. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis portion comprises at least 10 channels.

12. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis portion comprises at least 15 channels.

13. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis portion comprises at least 20 channels.

14. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis portion comprises at least 25 channels.

15. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample collection substrate comprises a rolling substrate.

16. A device as in any one of claims 1-14, wherein the sample collection substrate comprises a substantially planar surface.

17. A device as in claim 16, wherein the sample collection substrate comprises a borosilicate material and, optionally, a gas-permeable filter.

18. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the fluid carrier comprises an organic solvent.

19. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the at least one channel comprises a reaction well containing the chemical reagent.

20. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a first reaction well containing a pre-treatment reagent and a second reaction well containing a chemical reagent, the second well positioned downstream from the first reaction well.

21. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a first reaction well containing a first reagent and a second reaction well containing a second chemical reagent, the second well positioned downstream from the first reaction well.

22. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a mixing region positioned downstream from the reaction well.

23. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a detection well positioned downstream from the mixing region, wherein the luminescent or colorimetric signal is determined within the detection well.

24. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a waste reservoir positioned downstream from the detection well.

25. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the at least one channel comprises a non-linear pathway having a direction that repeatedly changes in its x, y, and z directions to form a substantially spiral pathway.

26. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the chemical reagents are in substantially solid form.

27. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample collection portion further comprises a particle and/or air filter.

28. A device as in any preceding claim, further comprising a de-bubbling chamber arranged between, and in fluid communication with, the mixing chamber and the at least one channel.

29. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the chemical reagent comprises a reagent capable of forming a Meisenheimer complex, a reagent capable of undergoing a Griess reaction, p-DMAC, Berthlot'"'"'s reagent, aniline sulfate, [Pt(tpy)Cl]PF₆, a boronate-containing species, diphenylamine, aluminon, diaminobenzene, a pyrocatechol violet reagent, or a nitrophenylazoresorcinal reagent.

30. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the device does not comprise a crystallizing agent.

31. A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is an explosive or precursor thereof.

32. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a controlled substance.

33. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a drug, chemical warfare agent, biological warfare agent, toxic industrial chemical, or toxic industrial metal.

34. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is gun powder or gunshot residue, TNT, DNT, tetryl, nitroglycerin, EGDN, PETN, RDX, HMX, nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, permanganate, peroxide-based explosive, Al, Mg, or a precursor thereof.

37. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the determinable signal comprises a plurality of luminescent or colorimetric signals.

38. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample is a fluid sample.

39. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the chemical reagents are in substantially solid form.

40. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 10 channels.

41. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 15 channels.

42. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 20 channels.

43. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 25 channels.

44. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises more than one sample inlet.

45. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises two sample inlets.

46. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a reaction well containing the chemical reagent, wherein at least a portion of the sample contacts the chemical reagent.

47. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a first reaction well containing a pre-treatment reagent and a second reaction well containing a chemical reagent, the second well positioned downstream from the first reaction well, wherein at least a portion of the sample first contacts the pre-treatment reagent and then subsequently contacts the chemical reagent.

48. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a first reaction well containing a first reagent and a second reaction well containing a second chemical reagent, the second well positioned downstream from the first reaction well, wherein at least a portion of the sample first contacts the first chemical reagent and then subsequently contacts the second chemical reagent.

49. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a mixing region positioned downstream from the reaction well, such that the mixture comprising the sample and the chemical reagent are allowed to react to produce a luminescent or colorimetric signal.

50. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a detection well positioned downstream from the mixing region, wherein the luminescent or colorimetric signal is determined within the detection well.

51. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a waste reservoir positioned downstream from the detection well.

52. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the at least one channel comprises a non-linear pathway having a direction that repeatedly changes in its x, y, and z directions to form a substantially spiral pathway.

53. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is an explosive or precursor thereof.

54. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a controlled substance.

55. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a drug, chemical warfare agent, biological warfare agent, toxic industrial chemical, or toxic industrial metal.

56. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is gun powder or gunshot residue, TNT, DNT, tetryl, nitroglycerin, EGDN, PETN, RDX, HMX, nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, permanganate, peroxide-based explosive, Al, Mg, or a precursor thereof.

57. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is present in water.

58. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the chemical reagent comprises a reagent capable of forming a Meisenheimer complex, a reagent capable of undergoing a Griess reaction, p-DMAC, Berthlot'"'"'s reagent, aniline sulfate, [Pt(tpy)Cl]PF₆, a boronate-containing species, diphenylamine, aluminon, diaminobenzene, a pyrocatechol violet reagent, or a nitrophenylazoresorcinal reagent.

59. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device is free of a non-luminescent reagent or non-colorimetric reagent.

60. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device does not comprise a crystallizing agent.

61. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample is collected by contacting a surface of a sample collection device with an article suspected of containing the analyte.

62. A method as in claim 61, further comprising:

contacting the surface of the sample collection device with a fluid carrier to produce a fluid sample containing the analyte, if present.

63. A method as in claim 61 or 62, further comprising:

introducing the fluid sample contacting the surface of the sample collection device with a fluid carrier to produce a fluid sample containing the analyte, if present, wherein the fluid sample is introduced to the sample analysis device.

64. A method as in any one of claims 61-63, wherein the surface is a substantially planar surface.

65. A method as in any one of claims 61-63, wherein the surface is the surface of a rolling substrate.

66. A method as in claim 65, wherein the rolling substrate is a substantially cylindrical substrate.

67. A method as in claim 65, wherein the rolling substrate is a substantially spherical substrate.

68. A method as in claim 65, wherein the rolling substrate comprises an adhesive material.

69. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the fluid carrier comprises an organic solvent.

70. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample collection device and the sample analysis device are provided together in a kit.

73. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the chemical reagents are in substantially solid form.

74. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 5 channels.

75. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 10 channels.

76. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 15 channels.

77. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 20 channels.

78. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 25 channels.

79. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises more than one sample inlet.

80. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises two sample inlets.

81. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a reaction well containing the chemical reagent, wherein at least a portion of the sample contacts the chemical reagent.

82. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a first reaction well containing a pre-treatment reagent and a second reaction well containing a chemical reagent, the second well positioned downstream from the first reaction well, wherein at least a portion of the sample first contacts the pre-treatment reagent and then subsequently contacts the chemical reagent.

83. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a first reaction well containing a first reagent and a second reaction well containing a second chemical reagent, the second well positioned downstream from the first reaction well, wherein at least a portion of the sample first contacts the first chemical reagent and then subsequently contacts the second chemical reagent.

84. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a mixing region positioned downstream from the reaction well, such that the mixture comprising the sample and the chemical reagent are allowed to react to produce a luminescent or colorimetric signal.

85. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a detection well positioned downstream from the mixing region, wherein the luminescent or colorimetric signal is determined within the detection well.

86. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a waste reservoir positioned downstream from the detection well.

87. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the at least one channel comprises a non-linear pathway having a direction that repeatedly changes in its x, y, and z directions to form a substantially spiral pathway.

88. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is an explosive or precursor thereof.

89. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a controlled substance.

90. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a drug, chemical warfare agent, biological warfare agent, toxic industrial chemical, or toxic industrial metal.

91. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is gun powder or gunshot residue, TNT, DNT, tetryl, nitroglycerin, EGDN, PETN, RDX, HMX, nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, permanganate, peroxide-based explosive, Al, Mg, or a precursor thereof.

92. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is present in water.

93. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the chemical reagent comprises a reagent capable of forming a Meisenheimer complex, a reagent capable of undergoing a Griess reaction, p-DMAC, Berthlot'"'"'s reagent, aniline sulfate, [Pt(tpy)Cl]PF₆, a boronate-containing species, diphenylamine, aluminon, diaminobenzene, a pyrocatechol violet reagent, or a nitrophenylazoresorcinal reagent.

94. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device is free of a non-luminescent reagent or non-colorimetric reagent.

95. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device does not comprise a crystallizing agent.

96. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample is collected by contacting a surface of a sample collection device with an article suspected of containing the analyte.

97. A method as in claim 96, further comprising:

contacting the surface of the sample collection device with a fluid carrier to produce a fluid sample containing the analyte, if present.

98. A method as in claim 96 or 97, further comprising:

introducing the fluid sample contacting the surface of the sample collection device with a fluid carrier to produce a fluid sample containing the analyte, if present, wherein the fluid sample is introduced to the sample analysis device.

99. A method as in any one of claims 96-98, wherein the surface is a substantially planar surface.

100. A method as in any one of claims 96-98, wherein the surface is the surface of a rolling substrate.

101. A method as in claim 100, wherein the rolling substrate is a substantially cylindrical substrate.

102. A method as in claim 100, wherein the rolling substrate is a substantially spherical substrate.

103. A method as in claim 100, wherein the rolling substrate comprises an adhesive material.

104. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the fluid carrier comprises an organic solvent.

105. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample collection device and the sample analysis device are provided together in a kit.

107. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the chemical reagents are in substantially solid form.

108. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 5 channels.

109. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 10 channels.

110. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 15 channels.

111. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 20 channels.

112. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 25 channels.

113. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises more than one sample inlet.

114. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises two sample inlets.

115. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a reaction well containing the chemical reagent, wherein at least a portion of the sample contacts the chemical reagent.

116. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a first reaction well containing a pre-treatment reagent and a second reaction well containing a chemical reagent, the second well positioned downstream from the first reaction well, wherein at least a portion of the sample first contacts the pre-treatment reagent and then subsequently contacts the chemical reagent.

117. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a first reaction well containing a first reagent and a second reaction well containing a second chemical reagent, the second well positioned downstream from the first reaction well, wherein at least a portion of the sample first contacts the first chemical reagent and then subsequently contacts the second chemical reagent.

118. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a mixing region positioned downstream from the reaction well, such that the mixture comprising the sample and the chemical reagent are allowed to react to produce a luminescent or colorimetric signal.

119. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a detection well positioned downstream from the mixing region, wherein the luminescent or colorimetric signal is determined within the detection well.

120. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a waste reservoir positioned downstream from the detection well.

121. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the at least one channel comprises a non-linear pathway having a direction that repeatedly changes in its x, y, and z directions to form a substantially spiral pathway.

122. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is an explosive or precursor thereof.

123. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a controlled substance.

124. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a drug, chemical warfare agent, biological warfare agent, toxic industrial chemical, or toxic industrial metal.

125. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is gun powder or gunshot residue, TNT, DNT, tetryl, nitroglycerin, EGDN, PETN, RDX, HMX, nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, permanganate, peroxide-based explosive, Al, Mg, or a precursor thereof.

126. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is present in water.

127. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the chemical reagent comprises a reagent capable of forming a Meisenheimer complex, a reagent capable of undergoing a Griess reaction, p-DMAC, Berthlot'"'"'s reagent, aniline sulfate, [Pt(tpy)Cl]PF₆, a boronate-containing species, diphenylamine, aluminon, diaminobenzene, a pyrocatechol violet reagent, or a nitrophenylazoresorcinal reagent.

128. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device is free of a non-luminescent reagent or non-colorimetric reagent.

129. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device does not comprise a crystallizing agent.

130. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample is collected by contacting a surface of a sample collection device with an article suspected of containing the analyte.

131. A method as in claim 130, further comprising:

contacting the surface of the sample collection device with a fluid carrier to produce a fluid sample containing the analyte, if present.

132. A method as in claim 130 or 131, further comprising:

introducing the fluid sample contacting the surface of the sample collection device with a fluid carrier to produce a fluid sample containing the analyte, if present, wherein the fluid sample is introduced to the sample analysis device.

133. A method as in any one of claims 130-132, wherein the surface is a substantially planar surface.

134. A method as in any one of claims 130-132, wherein the surface is the surface of a rolling substrate.

135. A method as in claim 134, wherein the rolling substrate is a substantially cylindrical substrate.

136. A method as in claim 134, wherein the rolling substrate is a substantially spherical substrate.

137. A method as in claim 134, wherein the rolling substrate comprises an adhesive material.

138. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the fluid carrier comprises an organic solvent.

139. A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample collection device and the sample analysis device are provided together in a kit.

142. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 15 channels.

143. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 20 channels.

144. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 25 channels.

145. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises a first and a second sample inlet.

146. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises two sample inlets.

147. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a reaction well containing the chemical reagent.

148. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a first reaction well containing a pre-treatment reagent and a second reaction well containing a chemical reagent, the second well positioned downstream from the first reaction well.

149. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a first reaction well containing a first reagent and a second reaction well containing a second chemical reagent, the second well positioned downstream from the first reaction well.

150. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a mixing region positioned downstream from the reaction well.

151. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a detection well positioned downstream from the mixing region, wherein the luminescent or colorimetric signal is determined within the detection well.

152. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a waste reservoir positioned downstream from the detection well.

153. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the at least one channel comprises a non-linear pathway having a direction that repeatedly changes in its x, y, and z directions to form a substantially spiral pathway.

154. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the chemical reagent is a luminescent or colorimetric reagent.

155. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the determinable signal comprises a plurality of luminescent or colorimetric signals.

156. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is an explosive or precursor thereof.

157. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a controlled substance.

158. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a drug, chemical warfare agent, biological warfare agent, toxic industrial chemical, or toxic industrial metal.

159. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is gun powder or gunshot residue, TNT, DNT, tetryl, nitroglycerin, EGDN, PETN, RDX, HMX, nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, permanganate, peroxide-based explosive, Al, Mg, or a precursor thereof.

160. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is present in water.

161. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the chemical reagent comprises a reagent capable of forming a Meisenheimer complex, a reagent capable of undergoing a Griess reaction, p-DMAC, Berthlot'"'"'s reagent, aniline sulfate, [Pt(tpy)Dl]PF₆, a boronate-containing species, diphenylamine, aluminon, diaminobenzene, a pyrocatechol violet reagent, or a nitrophenylazoresorcinal reagent.

162. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, provided together with a sample collection device in a kit, the sample collection device comprising a first region comprising a fluid container containing a fluid carrier;

a second region comprising a surface constructed and arranged to contact an article suspected of containing the analyte and to receive fluid from the fluid container;

a sample outlet in fluid communication with the first and second regions; and

a housing containing the first region, the second region, and the sample outlet.

163. A sample analysis device as in claim 162, wherein the surface is a substantially planar surface.

164. A sample analysis device as in claim 162, wherein the surface is the surface of a rolling substrate.

165. A sample analysis device as in claim 164, wherein the rolling substrate is a substantially cylindrical substrate.

166. A sample analysis device as in claim 164, wherein the rolling substrate is a substantially spherical substrate.

167. A sample analysis device as in claim 164, wherein the rolling substrate comprises an adhesive material.

170. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 5 channels.

171. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 10 channels.

172. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 15 channels.

173. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 20 channels.

174. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 25 channels.

175. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises a first and a second sample inlet.

176. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises two sample inlets.

177. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a reaction well containing the chemical reagent.

178. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a first reaction well containing a pre-treatment reagent and a second reaction well containing a chemical reagent, the second well positioned downstream from the first reaction well.

179. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a first reaction well containing a first reagent and a second reaction well containing a second chemical reagent, the second well positioned downstream from the first reaction well.

180. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a mixing region positioned downstream from the reaction well.

181. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a detection well positioned downstream from the mixing region, wherein the luminescent or colorimetric signal is determined within the detection well.

182. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a waste reservoir positioned downstream from the detection well.

183. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the at least one channel comprises a non-linear pathway having a direction that repeatedly changes in its x, y, and z directions to form a substantially spiral pathway.

184. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is an explosive or precursor thereof.

185. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a controlled substance.

186. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a drug, chemical warfare agent, biological warfare agent, toxic industrial chemical, or toxic industrial metal.

187. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is gun powder or gunshot residue, TNT, DNT, tetryl, nitroglycerin, EGDN, PETN, RDX, HMX, nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, permanganate, peroxide-based explosive, Al, Mg, or a precursor thereof.

188. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is present in water.

189. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, wherein the chemical reagent comprises a reagent capable of forming a Meisenheimer complex, a reagent capable of undergoing a Griess reaction, p-EMAC, Berthlot'"'"'s reagent, aniline sulfate, [Pt(tpy)El]PE₆, a boronate-containing species, diphenylamine, aluminon, diaminobenzene, a pyrocatechol violet reagent, or a nitrophenylazoresorcinal reagent.

190. A sample analysis device as in any preceding claim, provided together with a sample collection device in a kit, the sample collection device comprising a first region comprising a fluid container containing a fluid carrier;

a second region comprising a surface constructed and arranged to contact an article suspected of containing the analyte and to receive fluid from the fluid container;

a sample outlet in fluid communication with the first and second regions; and

a housing containing the first region, the second region, and the sample outlet.

191. A sample analysis device as in claim 190, wherein the surface is a substantially planar surface.

192. A sample analysis device as in claim 190, wherein the surface is the surface of a rolling substrate.

193. A sample analysis device as in claim 192, wherein the rolling substrate is a substantially cylindrical substrate.

194. A sample analysis device as in claim 192, wherein the rolling substrate is a substantially spherical substrate.

195. A sample analysis device as in claim 192, wherein the rolling substrate comprises an adhesive material.

198. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the plurality of channels is constructed and arranged to simultaneously receive portions of the sample from the sample outlet of the sample collection device.

199. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 5 channels.

200. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 10 channels.

201. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 15 channels.

202. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 20 channels.

203. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 25 channels.

204. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the surface is a substantially planar surface.

209. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the fluid carrier comprises an organic solvent.

210. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises more than one sample inlet.

211. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample analysis device comprises two sample inlets.

212. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a reaction well containing the chemical reagent.

213. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a first reaction well containing a pre-treatment reagent and a second reaction well containing a chemical reagent, the second well positioned downstream from the first reaction well.

214. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a first reaction well containing a first reagent and a second reaction well containing a second chemical reagent, the second well positioned downstream from the first reaction well.

215. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a mixing region positioned downstream from the reaction well.

216. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a detection well positioned downstream from the mixing region, wherein the luminescent or colorimetric signal is determined within the detection well.

217. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein at least one channel comprises a waste reservoir positioned downstream from the detection well.

218. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the at least one channel comprises a non-linear pathway having a direction that repeatedly changes in its x, y, and z directions to form a substantially spiral pathway.

219. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the chemical reagents are in substantially solid form.

220. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the sample collector device further comprises a particle and/or air filter.

221. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is an explosive or precursor thereof.

222. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a controlled substance.

223. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a drug, chemical warfare agent, biological warfare agent, toxic industrial chemical, or toxic industrial metal.

224. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is gun powder or gunshot residue, TNT, DNT, tetryl, nitroglycerin, EGDN, PETN, RDX, HMX, nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, permanganate, peroxide-based explosive, Al, Mg, or a precursor thereof.

225. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is present in water.

226. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the chemical reagent comprises a reagent capable of forming a Meisenheimer complex, a reagent capable of undergoing a Griess reaction, p-DMAC, Berthlot'"'"'s reagent, aniline sulfate, [Pt(tpy)Cl]PF₆, a boronate-containing species, diphenylamine, aluminon, diaminobenzene, a pyrocatechol violet reagent, or a nitrophenylazoresorcinal reagent.

227. A kit as in any preceding claim, wherein the kit does not comprise a crystallizing agent.

35. A method for determining an analyte, comprising:

providing a sample analysis device comprising at least 5 channels constructed and arranged to receive a sample suspected of containing an analyte, each channel comprising a different chemical reagent; and

simultaneously introducing the sample into the at least 5 channels such that the analyte, if present, interacts with one or more of the chemical reagents to produce a determinable signal.

36. A method as in claim 35, wherein the chemical reagent is a luminescent or colorimetric reagent.

71. A method for determining an analyte, comprising:

providing a sample analysis device comprising a plurality of channels constructed and arranged to receive a sample suspected of containing an analyte, each channel comprising a different chemical reagent, each chemical reagent capable of generating a luminescent or colorimetric signal; and

simultaneously introducing the sample into the plurality of channels such that the analyte, if present, interacts with one or more of the chemical reagents to produce a plurality of luminescent or colorimetric signals, thereby determining the analyte,

wherein the presence and/or identity of the analyte is determined without need for a non-luminescent or non-colorimetric analysis of the sample.

72. A method as in claim 71, wherein the sample is a fluid sample.

106. A method for determining an analyte, comprising:

providing a sample collection device comprising a rolling substrate, the rolling substrate having a surface;

contacting the surface of the rolling substrate with an article suspected of containing an analyte via a rolling or tapping motion such that a sample suspected of containing the analyte is collected on the surface of the rolling substrate;

contacting the surface of the rolling substrate with a fluid carrier to transfer at least a portion of the sample to the fluid carrier to produce a fluid sample suspected of containing the analyte;

introducing the fluid sample suspected of containing the analyte into a sample analysis device comprising a plurality of channels constructed and arranged to receive the fluid sample, wherein portions of the fluid sample are simultaneously introduced into each of a set of the plurality of channels, each of the set of channels comprising a different chemical reagent capable of generating a luminescent and/or colorimetric signal upon interaction with a specific analyte, wherein the analyte, if present in the fluid sample, interacts with one or more of the chemical reagents to produce a plurality of luminescent and/or colorimetric signals in at least some of the set of channels; and

determining the presence and/or identity of the analyte based on the plurality of luminescent and/or colorimetric signals.

140. A sample analysis device for determining an analyte, comprising:

a sample inlet constructed and arranged to receive a sample suspected of containing an analyte; and

at least 5 channels in fluid communication with the sample inlet and constructed and arranged for essentially simultaneous analysis of an analyte suspected of being present in a sample introduced into the inlet, each channel comprising a different chemical reagent in substantially solid form, wherein the analyte, if present, interacts with one or more of the chemical reagents to produce a determinable signal.

141. A sample analysis device as claim 140, wherein the sample analysis device comprises at least 10 channels.

168. A sample analysis device for determining an analyte, comprising:

a sample inlet constructed and arranged to receive a sample suspected of containing an analyte; and

a plurality of channels in fluid communication with the sample inlet, each channel comprising a different chemical reagent, each chemical reagent capable of generating a luminescent or colorimetric signal, wherein the analyte, if present, interacts with one or more of the chemical reagents to produce a plurality of luminescent or colorimetric signals,

wherein the device does not include a crystallizing reagent.

169. A sample analysis device as in claim 168, wherein the chemical reagent is in substantially solid form.

196. A kit for determining an analyte, comprising:

a sample collection device, comprising;

a first region comprising a fluid container containing a fluid carrier;

a second region comprising a surface constructed and arranged to contact an article suspected of containing the analyte and to receive fluid from the fluid container;

a sample outlet in fluid communication with the first and second regions; and

a housing containing the first region, the second region, and the sample outlet; and

a sample analysis device, comprising;

at least one sample inlet constructed and arranged to receive a sample suspected of containing an analyte from the sample outlet of the sample collection luminescent device; and

a channel in fluid communication with the sample inlet, the channel comprising a chemical reagent capable of generating a luminescent or colorimetric signal.

197. A kit as in claim 196, wherein the sample analysis device comprises a plurality of channels in fluid communication with the sample inlet, each channel comprising a different chemical reagent capable of generating a luminescent or colorimetric signal.

205. A kit as in any one of claims 196-204, wherein the surface is the surface of a rolling substrate.

206. A kit as in claim 205, wherein the rolling substrate is a substantially cylindrical substrate.

207. A kit as in claim 205, wherein the rolling substrate is a substantially spherical substrate.

208. A kit as in claim 205, wherein the rolling substrate comprises an adhesive material.