PIXEL BINNING IN AN IMAGE SENSOR

• US 20150350575A1
• Filed: 05/30/2014
• Published: 12/03/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 05/30/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Lee, Chiajen, Agranov, Gennadiy A., Molgaard, Claus, Bahukhandi, Ashirwad, Li, Xiangli
• Granted Patent: US 9,686,485 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/134 based on three different wavelength filter elements
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/447 by preserving the colour pattern with or without loss of information
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/46 by combining or binning pixels
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/70 SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/778 comprising amplifiers shared between a plurality of pixels, i.e. at least one part of the amplifier must be on the sensor array itself

Abstract

Pixel binning is performed by summing charge from some pixels positioned diagonally in a pixel array. Pixel signals output from pixels positioned diagonally in the pixel array may be combined on the output lines. A signal representing summed charge produces a binned 2×1 cluster. A signal representing combined voltage signals produces a binned 2×1 cluster. A signal representing summed charge and a signal representing combined pixel signals can be combined digitally to produce a binned 2×2 pixel. Orthogonal binning may be performed on other pixels in the pixel array by summing charge on respective common sense regions and then then combining the voltage signals that represent the summed charge on respective output lines.

Claims

1. A method for binning charge in an image sensor having a pixel array that includes plurality of pixels, the method comprising:

producing a first diagonal summed signal by summing charge in two or more pixels positioned along a first diagonal direction and reading the summed charge out of the pixel array; and

producing a second diagonal summed signal by averaging signals from two or more pixels positioned along the first diagonal direction.

2. The method as in claim 1, wherein the charge in two or more pixels comprises charge in one color plane.

3. The method as in claim 1, wherein the charge in two or more pixels comprises charge in different color planes.

4. The method as in claim 3, wherein the different color planes comprise green color planes associated with the Bayer color filter array.

5. The method as in claim 1, wherein the charge in at least one of the two or more pixels comprises charge read out of a pixel associated with a panchromatic filter element.

6. The method as in claim 1, wherein at least one signal from the two or more pixels comprises a signal representing charge read out of a pixel associated with a panchromatic filter element.

7. The method as in claim 1, further comprising:

converting the first and second diagonal summed signals into digital first and second diagonal summed signals; and

combining the digital first and second diagonal summed signals together.

8. The method as in claim 1, further comprising:

summing charge in pixels positioned along a first orthogonal direction to produce signals representing the summed charge;

averaging two or more signals that represent the summed charge; and

reading the averaged signals out of the pixel array.

9. The method as in claim 1, wherein summing charge in two or more pixels positioned along a first diagonal direction comprises summing charge in two pixels positioned adjacently along a first diagonal direction.

10. The method as in claim 9, wherein summing charge in two pixels positioned adjacently along a first diagonal direction comprises summing charge in two pixels in adjacent rows along a first diagonal direction.

11. The method as in claim 7, further comprising constructing an image using the combined digital first and second diagonal summed signals.

12. The method as in claim 1, further comprising:

producing a third diagonal summed signal by summing charge in two or more pixels positioned along a different second diagonal direction and reading the summed charge out of the pixel array; and

producing a fourth diagonal summed signal by averaging signals from two or more pixels positioned along the second diagonal direction.

13. The method as in claim 12, further comprising constructing an image using the first, second, third, and fourth diagonal summed signals.

14. A method for binning charge in an image sensor, the image sensor including a plurality of pixels in a pixel array, the method comprising:

producing a first diagonal summed signal by summing charge in a first diagonally adjacent pixel pair and reading the summed charge out of the pixel array; and

producing a second diagonal summed signal by combining voltage signals output from a second diagonally adjacent pixel pair and reading the combined voltage signal out of the pixel array, wherein the first and second diagonally adjacent pixel pairs are diagonally adjacent along a first diagonal direction in the pixel array.

15. The method as in claim 14, wherein the charge in the first diagonally adjacent pixel pair comprises charge associated with a single color plane and the voltage signals in second diagonally adjacent pixel pair comprise voltage signals associated with a single color plane.

16. The method as in claim 14, wherein the charge in the first diagonally adjacent pixel pair comprises charge associated with different color planes and the voltage signals in the second diagonally adjacent pixel pair comprises voltage signals associated with different color planes.

17. The method as in claim 16, wherein the different color planes comprise a first green color plane and a different second green color plane in a Bayer color filter array.

18. The method as in claim 14, wherein the charge in at least one of the first diagonally adjacent pixel pair comprises charge read out of a pixel associated with a panchromatic filter element.

19. The method as in claim 14, wherein at least one voltage signal from the second diagonally adjacent pixel pair comprises a voltage signal representing charge read out of a pixel associated with a panchromatic filter element.

20. The method as in claim 14, further comprising:

converting the first and second diagonal summed signals into digital first and second diagonal summed signals; and

combining the digital first and second diagonal summed signals.

21. The method as in claim 20, further comprising:

summing charge in a first pixel pair in a first orthogonal direction to produce a first voltage signal;

summing charge in in a second pixel pair in a second orthogonal direction to produce a second voltage signal;

combining the first and second voltage signals on an output line formed by electrically connecting two output lines together.

22. The method as in claim 21, further comprising:

converting the combined first and second voltage signals to a digital signal that represents the combined first and second voltage signals; and

constructing an image using the summed digital first and second diagonal summed signals and the digital signal representing the combined voltage signals.

23. The method as in claim 14, further comprising:

producing a third diagonal summed signal by summing charge in a third diagonally adjacent pixel pair and reading the summed charge out of the pixel array; and

producing a fourth diagonal summed signal by combining voltage signals output from a fourth diagonally adjacent pixel pair and reading the combined voltage signal out of the pixel array, wherein the third and fourth diagonally adjacent pixel pairs are diagonally adjacent along a different second diagonal direction in the pixel array.

24. The method as in claim 23, further comprising constructing an image using the first, second, third, and fourth diagonal summed signals.

25. An image capture device, comprising:

a plurality of pixels divided into groups of pixels with each group of pixels operably connected to a distinct sense region;

readout circuitry operably connected to each sense region and to a distinct output line;

a first switch operably connected to a first set of output lines and to a second set of output lines; and

a processing device operably connected to the plurality of pixels, wherein the processing device is adapted to selectively enable two or more pixels in a group to sum charge on a respective sense region and to enable the respective readout circuitry to read the summed charge out of the sense regions; and

wherein the processing device is adapted to selectively enable two or more pixels in two groups to transfer charge to a respective sense region, to enable the respective readout circuitry to read the charge out of the respective sense regions to produce voltage signals, and to selectively enable the switch to connect an output line in the first set of output lines and an output line in the second set of output lines together to combine the voltage signals.

26. The image capture device as in claim 25, further comprising:

second switches each operably connected a respective set of output lines; and

an analog-to-digital converter operably connected to each second switch.