SOFT-OFF CONTROL CIRCUIT, POWER CONVERTER AND ASSOCIATED CONTROL METHOD

• US 20150381032A1
• Filed: 06/30/2015
• Published: 12/31/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Chengdu Monolithic Power Systems Company Limited (Monolithic Power Systems Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Chengdu Monolithic Power Systems Company Limited (Monolithic Power Systems Incorporated)
• Inventors: Li, Yike, Yang, Xiangyi
• Granted Patent: US 9,484,802 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0025 Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/36 Means for starting or stopping converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/156 with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators

Abstract

A power converter having a soft-off control circuit and a variable reference signal generation module and associated method for controlling the power converter. The variable reference signal generation module is configured to provide a variable reference signal to the power converter. The soft-off control circuit is configured to determine whether an input voltage of the power converter exceeds an over-voltage threshold, and to control the variable reference signal to increase once the input voltage reaches the over-voltage threshold and to decrease when the input voltage is lower than the over-voltage threshold. The power converter can regulate an output voltage to increase with the increase of the variable reference signal and to decrease with the decrease of the variable reference signal so that during a soft-off procedure the input voltage may not exceed the over-voltage threshold, enabling the power converter to be safely shut off.

Claims

1. A soft-off control circuit for controlling a soft-off procedure of a power converter, wherein the power converter comprises a main switch and is configured to receive an input voltage and to provide an output voltage based on driving the main switch to switch on and off, and wherein the power converter further comprises a soft-start/soft-off pin configured to provide a variable reference signal;

the soft-off control circuit comprising;

a first input terminal configured to receive the input voltage of the power converter;

a second input terminal configured to receive an enable signal, wherein the enable signal has a first enable state for controlling the power converter to shut off and start the soft-off procedure and a second enable state for controlling the power converter to power on;

a third input terminal configured to receive an over-voltage threshold, wherein the over-voltage threshold is designed to indicate an over-voltage of the input voltage during the soft-off procedure; and

an output terminal configured to provide a soft-off control signal;

wherein

the soft-off control circuit is configured to generate the soft-off control signal at least based on the enable signal, the input voltage and the over-voltage threshold, and wherein when the enable signal is at the first enable state, the soft-off control signal is configured to control the variable reference signal to increase when the input voltage is higher than the over-voltage threshold, and to control the variable reference signal to decrease when the input voltage is lower than the over-voltage threshold.

2. The soft-off control circuit of claim 1, wherein

the soft-star/soft-off pin is coupled to a reference signal generation capacitor;

and wherein

the soft-off control signal is coupled to the soft-start/soft-off pin and is configured to control the reference signal generation capacitor to charge when the input voltage is higher than the over-voltage threshold and to control the reference signal generation capacitor to discharge when the input voltage is lower than the over-voltage threshold.

3. The soft-off control circuit of claim 1, comprising:

a comparison circuit having a first comparison input terminal, a second comparison input terminal and a comparison output terminal, wherein the first comparison input terminal is configured to receive the input voltage, the second comparison input terminal is configured to receive the over-voltage threshold, and the comparison circuit is configured to compare the input voltage with the over-voltage threshold so as to provide a comparison output signal at the comparison output terminal;

a first current source having a first terminal coupled to an internal supply voltage and a second terminal configured to provide a first current;

a first switch element having a first switch control terminal, a first switch terminal and a second switch terminal, wherein the first switch control terminal is configured to receive the comparison output signal, the first switch terminal is electrically coupled to the second terminal of the first current source to receive the first current, and the second switch terminal is electrically coupled to the output terminal of the soft-off control circuit;

a second current source having a first terminal configured to provide a second current and a second terminal coupled to ground; and

a second switch element having a second switch control terminal, a third switch terminal and a fourth switch terminal, wherein the second switch control terminal is configured to receive the comparison output signal, the third switch terminal is electrically coupled to the first terminal of the second current source to receive the second current, and the fourth switch terminal is electrically coupled to the output terminal of the soft-off control circuit;

wherein

when the input voltage is lower than the over-voltage threshold, the comparison output signal has a first logic state and is configured to drive the first switch element to switch off and the second switch element to switch on so that the second current is provided as the soft-off control signal; and

wherein

when the input voltage is higher than the over-voltage threshold, the comparison output signal has a second logic state and is configured to drive the first switch element to switch on and the second switch element to switch off so that the first current is provided as the soft-off control signal

4. The soft-off control circuit of claim 3, further comprising:

an offset correction circuit configured to couple the input voltage to the first comparison input terminal of the comparison circuit, wherein the offset correction circuit at least comprises a correction switch element matching with the main switch, and wherein the correction switch element has a breakdown voltage functioning as the over-voltage threshold; and

wherein

the second comparison input terminal of the comparison circuit is disconnected from the over-voltage threshold and is configured to receive a predetermined second over-voltage threshold, wherein the second over-voltage threshold is set to be equal to an instantaneous value of a voltage signal at the first comparison input terminal when the input voltage is just increased to be higher than the over-voltage threshold; and

wherein

the comparison circuit is configured to compare the voltage signal at the first comparison input terminal with the second over-voltage threshold so as to provide the comparison output signal; and

wherein

when the voltage signal at the first comparison input terminal is higher than the second over-voltage threshold, the comparison output signal has the second logic state; and

wherein

when the voltage signal at the first comparison input terminal is lower than the second over-voltage threshold, the comparison output signal has the first logic state.

5. The soft-off control circuit of claim 4, wherein the offset correction circuit comprises:

a controllable current source having an enable input terminal configured to receive the enable signal, a first terminal configured to receive the internal supply voltage, a second terminal connected to ground and an output terminal, wherein the controllable current source is configured to output a reference current at the output terminal when the enable signal is at the first enable state, and is further configured to cut the reference current off from the output terminal when the enable signal is at the second enable state;

a current mirror having a mirror input terminal, a mirror output terminal and a current summing terminal, wherein the mirror input terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the controllable current source so as to receive the reference current when the enable signal is at the first enable state, and wherein the mirror output terminal is configured to mirror the reference current and apply a positive mirror factor to provide a mirrored current, and wherein the mirror output terminal is further configured to be coupled to the second input terminal of the soft-off control circuit to receive the input voltage, and wherein the current summing terminal is configured to provide a summing current which is a sum of the current flowing through the mirror input terminal and the current flowing through the mirror output terminal; and

a current to voltage conversion circuit coupled between the current summing terminal and ground, and configured to convert the summing current to a voltage signal with a predetermined conversion factor, wherein the current to voltage conversion circuit is further coupled to the comparison circuit to send the voltage signal to the first comparison input terminal of the comparison circuit.

6. The soft-off control circuit of claim 5, wherein the controllable current source comprises:

a reference current source configured to provide the reference current;

a third switch element having a third switch control terminal configured to receive the enable signal, a fifth switch terminal coupled to the reference current source to receive the reference current, and a sixth switch terminal coupled to the output terminal of the controllable current source;

a fourth switch element having a fourth switch control terminal configured to receive the enable signal, a seventh switch terminal coupled to the output terminal of the controllable current source, and an eighth switch terminal connected to the ground;

wherein

when the enable signal is at the first enable state, the third switch element is turned on and the fourth switch element is turned off, so that the reference current is transmitted to the output terminal of the controllable current source; and

wherein

when the enable signal is at the second enable state, the fourth switch element is turned off and the fourth switch element is turned on, so that the reference current is cut off from the output terminal of the controllable current source.

7. The soft-off control circuit of claim 5, wherein the current mirror comprises:

a first high-voltage transistor matching with the main switch and having a drain, a gate, and a source; and

a second transistor having a drain, a gate, and a source;

wherein

the drain and the gate of the first high-voltage transistor are coupled together to form the mirror input terminal; and

wherein

the drain of the second transistor is configured to function as the mirror output terminal; and

wherein

the gate of the second transistor is coupled to the gate of the first high-voltage transistor; and

wherein

the source of the first high-voltage transistor and the source of the second transistor are coupled together to form the current summing terminal; and

wherein

the first high-voltage transistor has a breakdown voltage which is configured to function as the over-voltage threshold.

8. The soft-off control circuit of claim 7, wherein

the first high-voltage transistor has a first channel having a first channel width and a first channel length determining a first ratio of the first channel width to the first channel length;

and wherein

the second transistor has a second channel having a second channel width and a second channel length determining a second ratio of the second channel width to the second channel length; and

wherein

the mirror factor is set by adjusting a ratio of the second ratio to the first ratio.

9. The soft-off control circuit of claim 4, wherein the offset correction circuit comprises:

a controllable current source having an enable input terminal configured to receive the enable signal, a first terminal configured to receive the input voltage, and an output terminal, wherein the controllable current source is configured to output a current at the output terminal when the enable signal is at the first enable state, and is further configured to cut the current off from the output terminal when the enable signal is at the second enable state; and

a current to voltage conversion circuit coupled between the output terminal of the controllable current source and ground, and configured to convert the current at the output terminal of the controllable current source to a second voltage signal with a second predetermined conversion factor, wherein the current to voltage conversion circuit is further coupled to the comparison circuit to send the second voltage signal to the first comparison input terminal of the comparison circuit.

10. The soft-off control circuit of claim 8, wherein the controllable current source comprises:

a third high-voltage transistor matching with the main switch and having a drain, a gate and a source, wherein the drain is configured to receive the input voltage, and wherein the gate is coupled to the source, and wherein the source is configured to provide the current; and

a fifth switch element having a fifth switch control terminal, a ninth switch terminal and a tenth switch terminal, wherein the fifth switch control terminal is configured to receive the enable signal, the ninth switch terminal is coupled to the source of the third high-voltage transistor to receive the current, and the tenth switch terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the controllable current source; and

wherein

when the enable signal is at the first enable state, the fifth switch element is turned on so that the current is transmitted to the output terminal of the controllable current source; and

wherein

when the enable signal is at the second enable state, the fifth switch element is turned off so that the current is cut off from the output terminal of the controllable current source; and

wherein

the third high-voltage transistor has a breakdown voltage which is configured to function as the over-voltage threshold.

11. A variable reference signal generation module comprising the soft-off control circuit of claim 1, wherein the variable reference signal generation module is coupled to the soft-start/soft-off pin to provide the variable reference signal.

12. The variable reference signal generation module of claim 11, further comprising:

a soft-start control circuit configured to receive the enable signal, wherein the soft-start control circuit is configured to be disabled when the enable signal is at the first enable state and to be enabled when the enable signal is at the second enable state, and wherein the soft-start control circuit is further configured to output a soft-start control signal when it is enabled, and wherein the soft-start control signal is configured to control the variable reference signal to increase gradually; and

a selection circuit having a first transmission terminal, a second transmission terminal, a third transmission terminal and a transmission control terminal, wherein the first transmission terminal is coupled to the soft-start/soft-off pin, and wherein the second transmission terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the soft-off control circuit so as to receive the soft-off control signal, and wherein the third transmission terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the soft-start control circuit so as to receive the soft-start control signal, and wherein the transmission control terminal is configured to receive the enable signal, and wherein the selection circuit is configured to couple the first transmission terminal to the second transmission terminal when the enable signal is at the first enable state, and is further configured to couple the first transmission terminal to the third transmission terminal when the enable signal is at the second enable state.

13. A power converter having a normal operation and a soft-off procedure, the power converter comprising:

an input port configured to receive an input voltage;

an output port configured to provide an output voltage;

a switch module at least comprising a main switch configured to switch on and off based on a driving signal to convert the input voltage to the output voltage;

a control module having a first control input terminal, a second control input terminal, a third control input terminal and a control output terminal, wherein the first control input terminal is configured to receive a feedback signal indicative of the output voltage, and wherein the second control input terminal is configured to receive a constant reference signal indicative of a desired value of the output voltage, and wherein the third control input terminal is configured to receive a variable reference signal, and wherein the control module is configured to provide the driving signal at least based on processing the feedback signal and the constant reference signal during the normal operation, and wherein the control module is further configured to provide the driving signal at least based on processing the feedback signal and the variable reference signal during the soft-off procedure; and

a variable reference signal generation module configured to provide a variable reference signal to the power converter;

wherein

the variable reference signal generation module comprises a soft-off control circuit configured to control the soft-off procedure of the power converter through controlling the variable reference signal; and

wherein

the soft-off control circuit has a first input terminal configured to receive the input voltage of the power converter, a second input terminal configured to receive an enable signal, a third input terminal configured to receive an over-voltage threshold and an output terminal configured to provide a soft-off control signal;

wherein the enable signal has a first enable state for controlling the power converter to shut off and start the soft-off procedure and a second enable state for controlling the power converter to power on; and

wherein the over-voltage threshold is designed to indicate an over-voltage of the input voltage during the soft-off procedure; and

wherein

the soft-off control circuit is configured to generate the soft-off control signal at least based on the enable signal, the input voltage and the over-voltage threshold, and wherein when the enable signal is at the first enable state, the soft-off control signal is configured to control the variable reference signal to increase when the input voltage is higher than the over-voltage threshold, and to control the variable reference signal to decrease when the input voltage is lower than the over-voltage threshold.

14. The power converter of claim 13 further having a soft-start procedure, wherein the variable reference signal generation module further comprises:

a soft-start control circuit configured to receive the enable signal, wherein the soft-start control circuit is configured to be disabled when the enable signal is at the first enable state and to be enabled when the enable signal is at the second enable state, and wherein the soft-start control circuit is further configured to output a soft-start control signal when it is enabled, and wherein the soft-start control signal is configured to control the soft-start procedure of the power converter through controlling the variable reference signal to increase gradually; and

a selection circuit having a first transmission terminal, a second transmission terminal, a third transmission terminal and a transmission control terminal, wherein the first transmission terminal is coupled to the variable reference signal, and wherein the second transmission terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the soft-off control circuit so as to receive the soft-off control signal, and wherein the third transmission terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the soft-start control circuit so as to receive the soft-start control signal, and wherein the transmission control terminal is configured to receive the enable signal, and wherein the selection circuit is configured to couple the first transmission terminal to the second transmission terminal when the enable signal is at the first enable state, and is further configured to couple the first transmission terminal to the third transmission terminal when the enable signal is at the second enable state; and

wherein

the control module is further configured to provide the driving signal at least based on processing the feedback signal and the variable reference signal during the soft-start procedure.

15. A method for controlling a power converter, wherein the power converter comprises at least a main switch and is configured to convert an input voltage to an output voltage based on driving the main switch to switch on and off, and wherein the power converter has a soft-off procedure, the method for controlling the power converter comprising:

sensing the output voltage to provide a feedback signal indicative of the output voltage;

generating a variable reference signal;

sensing the input voltage during the soft-off procedure and comparing the input voltage with an over-voltage threshold to provide a soft-off control signal;

applying the soft-off control signal to control the variable reference signal to increase when the input voltage is higher than the over-voltage threshold;

applying the soft-off control signal to control the variable reference signal to decrease when the input voltage is lower than the over-voltage threshold during the soft-off procedure; and

regulating the output voltage based on the variable reference signal and the feedback signal during the soft-off procedure, so as to control the output voltage to decrease with the decrease of the variable reference signal and increase with the increase of the variable reference signal.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein generating the variable reference signal comprises:

generating the variable reference signal through controlling the charging and discharging of a reference signal generation capacitor by the soft-off control signal; and

wherein

the soft-off control signal is applied to control the variable reference signal to increase through controlling the charging of the reference signal generation capacitor; and

wherein

the soft-off control signal is further applied to control the variable reference signal to decrease through controlling the discharging of the reference signal generation capacitor.

17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

setting the over-voltage threshold to a break down voltage of a high-voltage transistor matching with the main switch.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the power converter further has a soft-start procedure, and wherein the method further comprises:

providing a soft-start control signal during the soft-start procedure; and

in response to the enable signal, selecting the soft-start control signal to control the variable reference signal during the soft-start procedure, and selecting the soft-off control signal to control the variable reference signal during the soft-off procedure; and

regulating the output voltage based on the variable reference signal and the feedback signal during the soft-start procedure, so as to control the output voltage to decrease with the decrease of the variable reference signal and increase with the increase of the variable reference signal.