Method of Upgrading Heavy Crude Oil

• US 20160010004A1
• Filed: 08/09/2013
• Published: 01/14/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 02/15/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: George Alexander Constable, Peter G. Matthews
• Original Assignee: George Alexander Constable, Rival Technologies Inc.
• Inventors: Oehr, Klaus H
• Granted Patent: US 9,988,584 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 1/00 Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal mechanical winning of oil from oil-shales, oil-sand, or the like B03B
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 21/16 Oxygen-containing compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 2300/1033 Oil well production fluids
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 55/04 including at least one thermal cracking step
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 7/00 Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 9/00 Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils

Abstract

A method of upgrading a heavy crude oil (10) by thermally cracking (12) the heavy crude oil in a cracking vessel to convert a portion to volatile components (14) while simultaneously venting the volatile components from the cracking vessel. Tetrathydrofurfuryl alcohol is optionally added to the heavy crude oil feedstock before or during cracking. The vented volatile components are separated (16) into condensable volatile components (18) and non-condensable volatile components (20). The condensable components are collected and comprise cracked-distilled oil. The cracking residue (48) is removed from the cracking vessel and a cracking residue extract is prepared and mixed with the cracked-distilled oil to produce synthetic crude oil.

Claims

1. A method of upgrading a heavy crude oil, comprising:

(a) thermally cracking the heavy crude oil in a cracking vessel to convert a portion of the heavy crude oil to volatile components while simultaneously venting the volatile components from the cracking vessel;

(b) separating the vented volatile components into condensable volatile components and non-condensable volatile components; and

(c) collecting the condensable volatile components, said components comprising cracked-distilled oil.

2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising mixing tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) with the heavy crude oil prior to or during the thermal cracking.

3. A method according to claim 2, further comprising venting the THFA from the cracking vessel simultaneously with the thermal cracking, and separating the THFA from the condensable volatile components.

4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the separation of the THFA from the condensable volatile components is by distillation.

5. A method according to claim 3, wherein the separation of the THFA from the condensable volatile components is by solvent extraction.

6. A method according to any one of claims 1-5, further comprising removing a cracking residue from the cracking vessel, mixing a solvent with the cracking residue to produce a cracking residue extract and solvent mixture, and separating the cracking residue extract from the mixture.

7. A method according to claim 6, further comprising mixing the separated cracking residue extract with the cracked-distilled oil to produce a synthetic crude oil.

8. A method according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising recycling the separated solvent for further solvent extraction or deasphalting.

9. A method according to claim 6, 7 or 8, wherein the solvent is a low molecular weight alkane.

10. A method according to claim 9, wherein the alkane is one of heptane, pentane and isopentane.

11. A method according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein the vented volatile components comprise both cracked and uncracked components.

12. A method according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein the vented volatile components comprise hydrogen sulphide, olefins or alkanes.

13. A method according to claim 12, wherein the olefins comprise ethylene or propylene.

14. A method according to claim 12, wherein the alkanes comprise methane, ethane or propane.

15. A method according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein the thermal cracking is carried out at atmospheric pressure.

16. A method according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein the thermal cracking is carried out below atmospheric pressure.

17. A method according to claim 16, wherein the thermal cracking is carried out at a pressure greater than 10 Torr.

18. A method according to claim 16, wherein the thermal cracking is carried out at a pressure greater than 100 Torr.

19. A method according to claim 7, wherein the synthetic crude oil has an API gravity or 19 or higher.

20. The method of claim 7 or 19, wherein the synthetic crude oil has a viscosity of 350 centipoises or less.

21. A method according to claim 7, 19 or 20, wherein the synthetic crude oil is pipeline-able.

22. A method according to claim 2, wherein the THFA content of the THFA-heavy crude oil mixture is in the range of 10 to 20 wt. %.

23. A method according to any one of claims 1-22, wherein the thermal cracking is conducted at a temperature greater than 412°

C.

24. A method according to any one of claims 1-22, wherein all or a portion of the thermal cracking is conducted at a temperature in the range of 400°

to 450°

C.

25. A method according to any one of claims 1-22, wherein all or a portion of the thermal cracking is conducted at a temperature in the range of 410°

to 450°

C.

26. A method according to any one of claims 1-22, wherein all or a portion of the thermal cracking is conducted at a temperature in the range of 420°

to 450°

C.

27. A method according to any one of claims 1-22, wherein the thermal cracking is conducted at a temperature less than or equal to 450°

C.

28. A method according to any one of claims 1-27, wherein the thermal cracking is conducted for time period of less than 40 minutes.

29. A method according to any one of claims 1-28, wherein the thermal cracking is performed for a period of less than 20 minutes.

30. A method according to any one of claims 1-29, wherein the thermal cracking is performed for a time period of less than 15 minutes.

31. A method according to any one of claims 1-30, wherein the thermal cracking is carried out in the absence of a sweep gas.

32. A method according to any one of claims 1-31, wherein the heavy crude oil comprises one of heavy oil, bitumen, sour crude oil and oil refinery heavy hydrocarbon residues.

33. A method according to any one of claims 1-32, further comprising de-salting the heavy crude oil prior to step (a).

34. An apparatus for upgrading heavy crude oil comprising:

(a) a thermal cracking vessel for performing thermal cracking of the heavy crude oil;

(b) means for venting volatile components from the thermal cracking vessel simultaneously with the thermal cracking; and

(c) means for separating the vented volatile components into condensable volatile components and non-condensable volatile components.

35. An apparatus according to claim 34, wherein the means for separating the volatile components is a distillation column.

36. An apparatus according to claim 35, wherein the thermal cracking vessel and distillation column comprise a hydraulically-linked single apparatus or hydraulically-linked multiple apparatuses.