Electrolyte and Lead Sulfuric Acid Battery Containing Same

• US 20160043442A1
• Filed: 03/14/2014
• Published: 02/11/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 03/14/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Bigzet Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Bigzet Incorporated
• Inventors: Zeine, Malik
• Granted Patent: US 9,819,055 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/08 Selection of materials as electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/10 Immobilising of electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0011 Sulfuric acid-based
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0085 Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention provides sulfuric acid efficiency electrolytes including a surfactant, preferably an amphoteric or a non-ionic surfactant, and/or phosphoric acid, the sulfuric acid efficiency electrolyte preferably further including at least one of a chelating agent and a crystal growth regulator, and optionally, a filler. The invention further provides sulfuric acid electrolytes including a filler, at least one chelating agent, and at least one water-soluble sulfate salt, wherein the chelating agent comprises an alkali metallated chelating agent and the water-soluble sulfate salt comprises the corresponding cation to the cation present in the alkali metallated chelating agent. The invention further provides lead sulfuric acid batteries including a positive electrode, negative electrode, and the efficiency electrolyte of the invention disposed therebetween.

Claims

1. A sulfuric acid efficiency electrolyte, comprising:

sulfuric acid, a filler, at least one chelating agent, and at least one water-soluble sulfate salt.

3. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the filler comprises polyacrylamide, the chelating agent comprises Li₂EDTA, and the water-soluble sulfate salt comprises Li₂SO₄.

4. The electrolyte of claim 3, wherein the chelating agent further comprises K₂EDTA and the water-soluble sulfate salt comprises K₂SO₄.

5. The electrolyte of claim 4, wherein the chelating agent further comprises Na₂EDTA and the water-soluble sulfate salt further comprises Na₂SO₄.

6. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the at least one chelating agent is selected from the group consisting of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a salt thereof, and combinations of the foregoing.

7. The electrolyte of claim 6, wherein the EDTA salt is selected from the group consisting of the lithium salt, the potassium salt, the sodium salt, and combinations of the foregoing.

10. The electrolyte of claim 5, wherein lithium, potassium, and sodium cations are present in a ratio of about 2:

3;

1, respectively.

13. The electrolyte of claim 4, wherein lithium and potassium cations are present in a ratio of 2:

3, respectively.

14. The electrolyte of claim 5, wherein the lithium cation is included in the electrolyte in an amount of about 0.001 to about 0.15 mol/L.

15. The electrolyte of claim 14, wherein the potassium cation is included in the electrolyte in an amount of about 0.001 to about 0.05 mol/L.

16. The electrolyte of claim 15, wherein the sodium cation is included in the electrolyte in an amount of about 0.025 to about 0.05 mol/L.

17. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the filler is selected from the group consisting of SiO₂, SiC, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, non-conductive nanocarbon particles and combinations of the foregoing.

19. The electrolyte of claim 1, further comprising phosphoric acid.

46. A lead sulfuric acid battery with a sulfuric acid efficiency electrolyte, comprising:

a positive electrode;

a negative electrode; and

an electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the electrolyte comprises the electrolyte claim 1.

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21. A sulfuric acid efficiency electrolyte, comprising:

sulfuric acid and a surfactant, wherein the surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant or a non-ionic surfactant, the sulfuric acid efficiency electrolyte further comprising at least one of a chelating agent and a crystal growth regulator.

31. The electrolyte of claim 21, wherein the surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols, ethoxylated linear alcohols, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ethers, polyoxypropylene glycol alkyl ethers, glucoside alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene glycol octylphenol ethers, polyoxyethylene glycol alkylphenyl ethers, glycerol alkyl esters, polyoxyethylene glycol sorbitan alkyl esters, sorbitan alkyl esters, dodecyldimethylamine oxide, polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether, poly(ethylene oxide), polyethoxylated tallow amine, and combinations of the foregoing.

34. The electrolyte of claim 21, wherein the surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant selected from the group consisting of betaine derivatives, lecithin, alkyl iminodiproprionates, alkyl imidazolines, and alkyl polyaminocarboxylates.

22. A sulfuric acid efficiency electrolyte, comprising:

sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, the sulfuric acid efficiency electrolyte further comprising at least one of a chelating agent and a crystal growth regulator.

23. The electrolyte of claim 22 wherein the electrolyte has a density in a range of about 1.2 g/cm³ to about 1.4 g/cm³.

24. The electrolyte of claim 23, wherein the sulfuric acid is included in the electrolyte in an amount between about 20% to about 50% by volume of the total electrolyte solution.

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