SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR BLOOD GLUCOSE AND OTHER ANALYTE DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT USING COLLISION COMPUTING

• US 20160097716A1
• Filed: 09/29/2015
• Published: 04/07/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 09/29/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Zyomed Holdings, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Zyomed Corp.
• Inventors: Gulati, Sandeep, Ruchti, Timothy L., Antwerp, William V., Smith, John L.
• Granted Patent: US 9,459,201 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0223 of calibration, e.g. protocols for calibrating sensors
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0075 by spectroscopy, i.e. measuring spectra, e.g. Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy A61B5/0071 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/024 Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate A61B5/0205, A61B5/021 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02416 using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation A61B5/14552 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02433 for infrared radiation
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14546 for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1455 using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1495 Calibrating or testing of in-vivo probes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7203 for noise prevention, reduction or removal
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7235 Details of waveform analysis A61B5/349 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7253 characterised by using transforms
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7264 Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems neural networks per se G06N3/00; expert systems per se G06N5/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7267 involving training the classification device
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/3577 for analysing liquids, e.g. polluted water
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/359 using near infrared light
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/4795 spatially resolved investigating of object in scattering medium in vivo A61B
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/49 within a body or fluid
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/0612 Laser diodes
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/062 LED's
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/067 : Electro-optic, magneto-optic, acousto-optic elements
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/12 : Circuits of general importance; Signal processing
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/129 : Using chemometrical methods
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/4833 : of solid biological material, e.g. tissue samples, cell cultures tissue in vivo A61B5/00; cell suspensions G01N33/48735
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/49 : Blood chemical methods for determining blood cell populations G01N33/5094; chemical analysis of blood groups or blood types G01N33/80
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 50/20 : for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 50/70 : for mining of medical data, e.g. analysing previous cases of other patients

Abstract

In a noninvasive system for detection/measurement of glucose and other analytes in a medium such as tissue, spectra from the medium are deconstructed into features. Conditioned features, which contain frequency components specific to glucose or the other analytes, are derived from one or more features by modulating a carrier kernel with the feature. The conditioned features are computationally collided with one or more Zyotons that are co-dependent with the conditioned features. One or more collisions amplify a property of the analyte e.g., energy absorbed by glucose in tissue from radiation directed to the skin. A gradient of several values of the amplified property, each value corresponding to a particular radiation pattern according to a spectroscopic tomographic sequence, is used to select a suitable projector curve, with which a representative amplified value is projected to an accurate estimate of the concentration of glucose or the other analytes, without needing personalized calibration.

Claims

1. A method for determining concentration of glucose in a tissue sample, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) obtaining energy absorbed by glucose from energy directed to the tissue sample as a result of a collision between two co-dependent waveforms; and

(b) projecting the energy absorbed by glucose to a glucose concentration.

2-24. -24. (canceled)

25. A system for determining concentration of glucose in a tissue sample, the system comprising:

a first processor; and

a first memory in electrical communication with the first processor, the first memory comprising instructions which, when executed by a processing unit comprising at least one of the first processor and a second processor, and in electronic communication with a memory module comprising at least one of the first memory and a second memory, program the processing unit to;

(a) obtain energy absorbed by glucose from energy directed to the tissue sample as a result of a collision between two co-dependent waveforms; and

(b) project the energy absorbed by glucose to a glucose concentration.

26-48. -48. (canceled)

49. A method for measuring a property associated with an information signal, the method comprising:

colliding using a collision grid a first conditioned feature waveform that at least partially represents a property of the information signal with an original Zyoton, comprising a waveform that without a collision travels substantially unperturbed at a selected velocity in a substantially constant propagation medium at least over a length of a space-time grid, to obtain a first modified Zyoton, the first conditioned feature waveform and the original Zyoton being constructed to;

(i) be co-dependent, and (ii) transfer the property of the information signal to the first modified Zyoton through the collision.

50-105. -105. (canceled)

106. A system for measuring a property associated with an information signal, the system comprising:

a first processor; and

a first memory in electrical communication with the first processor, the first memory comprising instructions which, when executed by a processing unit comprising at least one of the first processor and a second processor, and in electronic communication with a memory module comprising at least one of the first memory and a second memory, program the processing unit to;

collide using a collision grid a first conditioned feature waveform that at least partially represents a property of the information signal with an original Zyoton, comprising a waveform that without a collision travels substantially unperturbed at a selected velocity in a substantially constant propagation medium at least over a length of a space-time grid, to obtain a first modified Zyoton, the first conditioned feature waveform and the original Zyoton being constructed to;

(i) be co-dependent, and (ii) transfer the property of the information signal to the first modified Zyoton through the collision.

107-162. -162. (canceled)

163. A method for enabling extraction of a property of an element of a specified environment, the method comprising:

selecting using at least one of;

(i) at least one waveform family, and (ii) at least one waveform generator, a set of frequency components for an analyte-information-representing band and a set of frequency components for a non-analyte-information-representing band; and

synthesizing a Zyoton by combining the set of frequency components selected for the analyte-information-representing band and the set of frequency components selected for the non-analyte-information representing band, wherein;

at least one frequency component in the set of frequency components for the analyte-information-representing band corresponds to a property to be extracted;

at least one of the frequency components for the non-analyte-information representing band does not correspond significantly to the property to be extracted; and

the selected set of frequency components of the waveform family allow the Zyoton to propagate through a substantially constant propagation medium over a length of a collision grid without substantial change in morphology thereof.

164-169. -169. (canceled)

170. A method for enabling extraction of a property of an element of a specified environment, the method comprising:

receiving a representative spectral signal from a data-collection domain, the representative spectral signal indicating a property of the element of the specified environment;

generating a Zyoton from at least one waveform family, the at least one waveform family being independent of the data-collection domain; and

generating a co-dependent carrier kernel for conditioning at least one feature corresponding to the representative spectral signal.

171-188. -188. (canceled)

189. A system for enabling extraction of a property of an element of a specified environment, the system comprising:

a first processor; and

a first memory in electrical communication with the first processor, the first memory comprising instructions which, when executed by a processing unit comprising at least one of the first processor and a second processor, and in electronic communication with a memory module comprising at least one of the first memory and a second memory, program the processing unit to;

select using at least one of;

(i) at least one waveform family, and (ii) at least one waveform generator, a set of frequency components for an analyte-information-representing band and a set of frequency components for a non-analyte-information representing band; and

synthesize a Zyoton by combining the set of frequency components selected for the analyte-information-representing band and the set of frequency components selected for the non-analyte-information-representing band, wherein;

at least one frequency component in the set of frequency components for the analyte-information-representing band corresponds to a property to be extracted;

at least one of the frequency components for the non-analyte-information-representing band does not correspond significantly to the property to be extracted; and

the selected set of frequency components of the waveform family allow the Zyoton to propagate through a substantially constant propagation medium over a length of a collision grid without substantial change in morphology thereof.

190-195. -195. (canceled)

196. A system for enabling extraction of a property of an element of a specified environment, the system comprising:

a first processor; and

a first memory in electrical communication with the first processor, the first memory comprising instructions which, when executed by a processing unit comprising at least one of the first processor and a second processor, and in electronic communication with a memory module comprising at least one of the first memory and a second memory, program the processing unit to;

receive a representative spectral signal from a data-collection domain, the representative spectral signal indicating a property of the element of the specified environment;

generate a Zyoton from at least one waveform family, the at least one waveform family being independent of the data-collection domain; and

generate a co-dependent carrier kernel for conditioning at least one feature corresponding to the representative spectral signal.

197-214. -214. (canceled)

215. A method of quantitating an analyte, the method comprising:

receiving from an uncharacterized sample an energy change value to be mapped, the energy change value corresponding to an uncharacterized sample;

mapping the energy change value to be mapped to a quantity of an analyte in the uncharacterized sample, via an individual projector curve associating;

(i) energy change values obtained from a synthetic reference system to analyte quantities of the reference system, and (ii) energy change values obtained from a non-synthetic reference system to the analyte quantities of the reference system.

216-225. -225. (canceled)

226. A system of quantitating an analyte, the system comprising:

a first processor; and

a first memory in electrical communication with the first processor, the first memory comprising instructions which, when executed by a processing unit comprising at least one of the first processor and a second processor, and in electronic communication with a memory module comprising at least one of the first memory and a second memory, program the processing unit to;

receive an energy change value to be mapped, the energy change value corresponding to an uncharacterized sample; and

map the energy change value to be mapped to a quantity of an analyte in the uncharacterized sample, via an individual projector curve associating;

(i) energy change values obtained from a synthetic reference system to analyte quantities of the reference system, and (ii) energy change values obtained from a non-synthetic reference system to the analyte quantities of the reference system.

227-236. -236. (canceled)

237. A method for calibrating a measurement system for non-invasive analyte measurement, the method comprising the steps of:

obtaining from a selected plurality of synthetic medium samples, each having a reference analyte concentration, a plurality of energy-value sets from the measurement system, each energy value in a particular energy-value set corresponding to a respective reference analyte concentration from the selected plurality of synthetic medium samples;

generating a composite projector curve using the plurality of energy value sets and the plurality of reference analyte concentrations; and

partitioning the composite projector curve into a set of non-overlapping individual projector curves according to a set of slopes of the composite projector curve, each individual projector curve being identified by a lower bound analyte concentration and an upper bound analyte concentration.

238-241. -241. (canceled)

242. A method for computing analyte concentration in a medium, the method comprising:

selecting a member of a projector curve set according to a normalized absorption gradient (NAG) value, such that the NAG value is within a range of minimum and maximum NAG values associated with that member; and

interpolating analyte concentration using a slope and an intercept of the selected member.

243-245. -245. (canceled)

246. A system for calibrating a measurement system for non-invasive analyte measurement, the system comprising:

a first processor; and

a first memory in electrical communication with the first processor, the first memory comprising instructions which, when executed by a processing unit comprising at least one of the first processor and a second processor, and in electronic communication with a memory module comprising at least one of the first memory and a second memory, program the processing unit to;

obtain from a selected plurality of synthetic medium samples, each having a reference analyte concentration, a plurality of energy-value sets from the measurement system, each energy value in a particular energy-value set corresponding to a respective reference analyte concentration from the selected plurality of synthetic medium samples;

generate a composite projector curve using the plurality of energy value sets and the plurality of reference analyte concentrations; and

partition the composite projector curve into a set of non-overlapping individual projector curves according to a set of slopes of the composite projector curve, each individual projector curve being identified by a lower bound analyte concentration and an upper bound analyte concentration.

247-250. -250. (canceled)

251. A system of computing analyte concentration in a medium, the system comprising:

a first processor; and

a first memory in electrical communication with the first processor, the first memory comprising instructions which, when executed by a processing unit comprising at least one of the first processor and a second processor, and in electronic communication with a memory module comprising at least one of the first memory and a second memory, program the processing unit to;

select a member of a projector curve set according to a normalized absorption gradient (NAG) value, such that the NAG value is within a range of minimum and maximum NAG values associated with that member; and

interpolate analyte concentration using a slope and an intercept of the selected member.

252-254. -254. (canceled)

255. A method for generating features for measurement of heart beats, the method comprising:

receiving a signal based on one of reflected and transmitted radiation from a tissue during a global time interval starting at a global start time and ending at a global end time;

designating a first portion of the signal starting at the global start time and ending at a first end time less than the global end time as a first feature;

designating a second portion of the signal starting at the global start time and ending at a second end time greater than the first end time as a second feature; and

identifying a start of a heart-beat cycle within the first feature.

256-258. -258. (canceled)

259. A system for generating features for measurement of heart beats, the system comprising:

a first processor; and

a first memory in electrical communication with the first processor, the first memory comprising instructions which, when executed by a processing unit comprising at least one of the first processor and a second processor, and in electronic communication with a memory module comprising at least one of the first memory and a second memory, program the processing unit to;

receive a signal based on one of reflected and transmitted radiation from a tissue during a global time interval starting at a global start time and ending at a global end time;

designate a first portion of the signal starting at the global start time and ending at a first end time less than the global end time as a first feature;

designate a second portion of the signal starting at the global start time and ending at a second end time greater than the first end time as a second feature; and

identify a start of a heart-beat cycle within the first feature.

260-262. -262. (canceled)