ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES BASED ON HYBRID CARBON ELECTRODE SYSTEMS

• US 20160133394A1
• Filed: 03/13/2014
• Published: 05/12/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 03/14/2013
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Group14 Technologies Inc.
• Original Assignee: EnerG2 Technologies, Incorporated (BASF SE)
• Inventors: SAKSHAUG, Avery J., THOMPKINS, Leah A., FEAVER, Aaron M., COSTANTINO, Henry R.
• Application Number:
  US14/776,535
• Publication Number:
  US 20160133394A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 32/05 Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 32/30 Active carbon
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/06 with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/24 characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/34 characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/50 specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/13 Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

The present application is directed to energy storage materials and devices, e.g. ion capacitors such as Li-ion capacitors, that employ more than one carbon-based electrodes comprising carbons with enhanced purity levels, e.g. below 500 ppm, wherein the carbon based electrodes have different properties, such as different surface areas, and/or different capability to intercalate vs. surface absorb electrolyte ions.

Claims

1. An ion capacitor comprising two or more electrodes, wherein one or more of the electrodes comprises ultrapure synthetic carbon.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein both the anode and cathode comprise ultrapure carbon, and wherein the anode stores electrolyte ions through intercalation while the cathode stores electrolyte ions through a surface EDLC mechanism.

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the anode comprises a hard carbon.

4. The device of claim 3, wherein the hard carbon exhibits a surface area of greater than 50 m²/g, an initial lithium insertion of greater than 800 mAh/g and a first cycle efficiency of greater than 75%.

5. The device according to claim 1, where the cathode comprises a mesoporous carbon

6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the total energy density of the device as normalized per mass of total carbon active material ranges from 50 Wh/kg to 150 Wh/kg.

7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the total power density of the device as normalized per mass of total carbon active material ranges from 10000 W/kg to 100000 W/kg.

8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of active carbon mass in the anode to active carbon mass in the cathode ranges from 1:

3 to 1;

1.

9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of skeletal active carbon volume in the cathode to skeletal active carbon volume in the anode ranges from 1:

1 to 3;

1.

10. The device according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of carbon surface area in the anode to carbon surface area in the cathode is less than 0.007:

1

11. The device according to claim 1, wherein the anode comprises graphite.

12. The device according to claim 1, where the anode comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, or a combination thereof at a level of greater than 1 wt %.

13. The device according to 1, where the cathode comprises a mesoporous carbon with greater than 1500 m²/g specific surface area and greater than 0.8 cc/g pore volume.

14. The device according to claim 1, wherein one or more electrodes comprises a hard carbon material that is capable of 60 mAh/g of lithium extraction at a rate of 3.6 seconds

15. The device according to claim 1, further comprising an aqueous or organic solvent with dissolved electrolyte ions selected from lithium, sodium, aluminum, magnesium and combinations thereof.

16. The device according to claim 1, wherein the packing efficiency in the anode or cathode, or both, is greater than 90% of the theoretical maximum packing density.