MULTICAST PACKET DELIVERY IN A WIRELESS NETWORK OPERATING IN NON-STORING MODE

• US 20160219414A1
• Filed: 01/22/2015
• Published: 07/28/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 01/22/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Gainspan Corporation (Telit Communications PLC)
• Original Assignee: Gainspan Corporation (Telit Communications PLC)
• Inventors: Purohit, Sibasis
• Granted Patent: US 9,716,984 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/189 in combination with wireless systems selective distribution or broadcast in wireless communication networks H04W4/06
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/16 Multipoint routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/54 Organization of routing tables
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/74 Address processing for routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/06 Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services

Abstract

A router node according to an aspect of the present disclosure maintains multicast information indicating child nodes registered for respective multicasts, while operating in a non-storing mode along with other router nodes of a wireless network for processing unicast packets. Upon receiving a layer-3 multicast packet, the router node examines the multicast information to identify a set of child nodes registered for the corresponding multicast. The router node thereafter unicasts, at L2-level, the layer-3 multicast packet to each child node of the set of child nodes. In an embodiment, the router node participates in a routing protocol (e.g., RPL) to form a hierarchy of nodes constituting the wireless network, with the hierarchy containing a root node and a set of end devices as leaf nodes.

Claims

1. A method of forwarding packets in a router node of a wireless network, said method comprising:

maintaining multicast information indicating child nodes registered for respective multicasts, while operating in a non-storing mode along with other router nodes of said wireless network for processing unicast packets;

receiving a layer-3 multicast packet containing a layer-3 multicast address identifying a corresponding multicast;

examining said multicast information to identify a set of child nodes registered for said multicast; and

unicasting, at L2-level, said layer-3 multicast packet to each child node of said set of child nodes.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising participating in a routing protocol to form a hierarchy of nodes constituting said wireless network, wherein said hierarchy comprises a root node and a set of end devices as leaf nodes, wherein each child node is determined based on said hierarchy.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said multicast information is maintained in the form of a multicast table,

said multicast table representing in one dimension a plurality of child nodes, which are child nodes of said router node according to said hierarchy,

said multicast table representing in another dimension a set of multicast addresses representing the respective multicasts served by said router node,

wherein each entry at an intersection of said one dimension and said another dimension indicates whether the corresponding child node is registered for the corresponding multicast,

wherein said examining examines said multicast table to identify said set of child nodes.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein said routing protocol is RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks), and said root node is a border router of said wireless network,

wherein said router node is between an end device and said border router,

wherein said border router maintains routing information for said wireless network, said method further comprising:

receiving a layer-3 unicast packet from said end device, said unicast packet containing a destination IP address of another node; and

forwarding said layer-3 unicast packet towards said border router as part of said non-storing mode such that said border router can thereafter use said routing information to deliver said layer-3 unicast packet to a destination node corresponding to said destination IP address,

wherein said layer-3 unicast packet is a Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph Destination Advertisement Object (DAO) message of said RPL, wherein contents of said DAO message specify that said end device has selected said router node as a parent node, wherein said router node creates information specifying that said end device is a child node of said router node.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

receiving a registration request from a first child node in the form of an IP (Internet Protocol) packet encapsulated in layer-2 header, said registration request specifying an end device for registration to receive multicast packets of a first multicast, wherein said layer-2 header specifies said router node as a destination and an IP header of said IP packet specifies said border router as a destination;

updating said multicast table to indicate that said first child node is registered to receive packets of said first multicast; and

forwarding said registration request to a parent of said router node.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein said layer-3 multicast packet is generated at a first end device which is below said router node in said hierarchy, wherein said layer-3 multicast packet is received first from a child node of said router node, said method further comprising:

forwarding said layer-3 multicast packet to a parent of said router such that said layer-3 multicast packet eventually reaches said root node,

wherein said layer-3 multicast packet is received from said parent before said routing node performs said examining and said unicasting.

7. The method of claim 2, wherein said layer-3 multicast packet is generated at a second end device which is below said router node in said hierarchy,

wherein said layer-3 multicast packet is received from a second child node of said router node,

wherein said unicasting is performed in response to receiving of said layer-3 multicast packet from said second child, said method further comprising:

forwarding said layer-3 multicast packet to a parent of said router node also in response to receiving of said layer-3 multicast packet.

8. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing one or more sequences of instructions for enabling a router node of a wireless network to forward packets, wherein execution of said one or more instructions by one or more processors contained in said router node enables said router node to perform the actions of:

maintaining multicast information indicating child nodes registered for respective multicasts, while operating in a non-storing mode along with other router nodes of said wireless network for processing unicast packets;

receiving a layer-3 multicast packet containing a layer-3 multicast address identifying a corresponding multicast;

examining said multicast information to identify a set of child nodes registered for said multicast; and

unicasting, at L2-level, said layer-3 multicast packet to each child node of said set of child nodes.

9. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions for enabling said router node to participate in a routing protocol to form a hierarchy of nodes constituting said wireless network, wherein said hierarchy comprises a root node and a set of end devices as leaf nodes, wherein each child node is determined based on said hierarchy.

10. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 9, wherein said multicast information is maintained in the form of a multicast table,

said multicast table representing in one dimension a plurality of child nodes, which are child nodes of said router node according to said hierarchy,

said multicast table representing in another dimension a set of multicast addresses representing the respective multicasts served by said router node,

wherein each entry at an intersection of said one dimension and said another dimension indicates whether the corresponding child node is registered for the corresponding multicast,

wherein said examining examines said multicast table to identify said set of child nodes.

11. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 10, wherein said routing protocol is RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks), and said root node is a border router of said wireless network,

wherein said router node is between an end device and said border router,

wherein said border router maintains routing information for said wireless network, said method further comprising:

receiving a layer-3 unicast packet from said end device, said unicast packet containing a destination IP address of another node; and

forwarding said layer-3 unicast packet towards said border router as part of said non-storing mode such that said border router can thereafter use said routing information to deliver said layer-3 unicast packet to a destination node corresponding to said destination IP address.

12. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 11, further comprising instructions for enabling said router node to:

receive a registration request from a first child node in the form of an IP (Internet Protocol) packet encapsulated in layer-2 header, said registration request specifying an end device for registration to receive multicast packets of a first multicast, wherein said layer-2 header specifies said router node as a destination and an IP header of said IP packet specifies said border router as a destination;

update said multicast table to indicate that said first child node is registered to receive packets of said first multicast; and

forward said registration request to a parent of said router node.

13. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 9, wherein said layer-3 multicast packet is generated at a first end device which is below said router node in said hierarchy, wherein said layer-3 multicast packet is received first from a child node of said router node, said non-transitory machine readable medium further comprising instructions for:

forwarding said layer-3 multicast packet to a parent of said router such that said layer-3 multicast packet eventually reaches said root node,

wherein said layer-3 multicast packet is received from said parent before said routing node performs said examining and said unicasting.

14. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 9, wherein said layer-3 multicast packet is generated at a second end device which is below said router node in said hierarchy,

wherein said layer-3 multicast packet is received from a second child node of said router node,

wherein said unicasting is performed in response to receiving of said layer-3 multicast packet from said second child, said non-transitory machine readable medium further comprising instructions for:

forwarding said layer-3 multicast packet to a parent of said router node also in response to receiving of said layer-3 multicast packet.

15. A router node of a wireless network, said router node comprising:

a processing block and a memory,

said memory to store instructions which when retrieved and executed by said processing block causes said router node to perform the actions of;

maintaining multicast information indicating child nodes registered for respective multicasts, while operating in a non-storing mode along with other router nodes of said wireless network for processing unicast packets;

receiving a layer-3 multicast packet containing a layer-3 multicast address identifying a corresponding multicast;

examining said multicast information to identify a set of child nodes registered for said multicast; and

unicasting, at L2-level, said layer-3 multicast packet to each child node of said set of child nodes.

16. The router node of claim 15, wherein said processing block further performs the actions of participating in a routing protocol to form a hierarchy of nodes constituting said wireless network, wherein said hierarchy comprises a root node and a set of end devices as leaf nodes, wherein each child node is determined based on said hierarchy.

17. The router node of claim 16, wherein said multicast information is maintained in the form of a multicast table,

said multicast table representing in one dimension a plurality of child nodes, which are child nodes of said router node according to said hierarchy,

said multicast table representing in another dimension a set of multicast addresses representing the respective multicasts served by said router node,

wherein each entry at an intersection of said one dimension and said another dimension indicates whether the corresponding child node is registered for the corresponding multicast,

wherein said examining examines said multicast table to identify said set of child nodes.

18. The router node of claim 17, wherein said routing protocol is RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks), and said root node is a border router of said wireless network,

wherein said router node is between an end device and said border router,

wherein said border router maintains routing information for said wireless network, said processing block further performs the actions of:

receiving a layer-3 unicast packet from said end device, said unicast packet containing a destination IP address of another node; and

forwarding said layer-3 unicast packet towards said border router as part of said non-storing mode such that said border router can thereafter use said routing information to deliver said layer-3 unicast packet to a destination node corresponding to said destination IP address.

19. The router node of claim 18, wherein said processing block further performs the actions of:

receiving a registration request from a first child node in the form of an IP (Internet Protocol) packet encapsulated in layer-2 header, said registration request specifying an end device for registration to receive multicast packets of a first multicast, wherein said layer-2 header specifies said router node as a destination and an IP header of said IP packet specifies said border router as a destination;

updating said multicast table to indicate that said first child node is registered to receive packets of said first multicast; and

forwarding said registration request to a parent of said router node.

20. The router node of claim 16, wherein said layer-3 multicast packet is generated at a first end device which is below said router node in said hierarchy, wherein said layer-3 multicast packet is received first from a child node of said router node, wherein said processing block further performs the action of:

forwarding said layer-3 multicast packet to a parent of said router such that said layer-3 multicast packet eventually reaches said root node,

wherein said layer-3 multicast packet is received from said parent before said routing node performs said examining and said unicasting