AQUEOUS REDOX FLOW BATTERIES FEATURING IMPROVED CELL DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

• US 20160268623A1
• Filed: 05/23/2016
• Published: 09/15/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 07/27/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, LLC (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: ESSWEIN, Arthur J., REECE, Steven Y., KING, Evan R., GOELTZ, John, AMADEO, Desiree D.
• Granted Patent: US 10,056,639 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: C07F 7/28 Titanium compounds
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/9008 Organic or organo-metallic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/188 by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/20 Indirect fuel cells, e.g. fuel cells with redox couple being irreversible H01M8/18 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

Provided are compositions having the formula M_nTi(L1)(L2)(L3) wherein L1 is a catecholate, and L2 and L3 are each independently selected from catecholates, ascorbate, citrate, glycolates, a polyol, gluconate, glycinate, hydroxyalkanoates, acetate, formate, benzoates, malate, maleate, phthalates, sarcosinate, salicylate, oxalate, a urea, polyamine, aminophenolates, acetylacetone or lactate; each M is independently Na, Li, or K; n is 0 or an integer from 1-6. Also provided are energy storage systems.

Claims

1. A composition comprising:

a titanium complex containing at least one catecholate ligand; and

sodium and potassium counterions forming a salt of the titanium complex.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the titanium complex contains at least one unsubstituted catecholate ligand and at least one substituted catecholate ligand.

3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the at least one substituted catecholate ligand comprises a sulfonated catecholate ligand.

4. The composition of claim 2, wherein the at least one substituted catecholate ligand comprises a hydroxycatecholate ligand.

5. The composition of claim 2, wherein the titanium complex contains two unsubstituted catecholate ligands and one substituted catecholate ligand.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the titanium complex contains three unsubstituted catecholate ligands.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the titanium complex further comprises at least one ligand selected from the group consisting of a substituted catecholate, ascorbate, citrate, glycolate, a polyol, gluconate, glycinate, a hydroxyalkanoate, acetate, formate, benzoate, malate, maleate, phthalate, sarcosinate, salicylate, oxalate, a urea, a polyamine, an aminophenolate, acetylacetonate, and lactate.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the titanium complex has a formula of

M_nTi(L1)(L2)(L3);

wherein L1, L2 and L3 are ligands, and at least one of L1, L2 and L3 is the at least one catecholate ligand;

M is a mixture of sodium and potassium counterions; and

n is an integer ranging between 1 and 6.

9. The composition of claim 8, wherein substantially equal molar quantities of sodium and potassium counterions are present.

10. An aqueous solution comprising the composition of claim 1.

11. The aqueous solution of claim 10, wherein the titanium complex has a concentration of at least about 0.5 M in the aqueous solution.

12. The aqueous solution of claim 10, wherein the titanium complex contains at least one unsubstituted catecholate ligand and at least one substituted catecholate ligand.

13. The aqueous solution of claim 12, wherein the at least one substituted catecholate ligand comprises a sulfonated catecholate ligand.

14. The aqueous solution of claim 12, wherein the at least one substituted catecholate ligand comprises a hydroxycatecholate ligand.

15. The aqueous solution of claim 12, wherein the titanium complex contains two unsubstituted catecholate ligands and one substituted catecholate ligand.

16. The aqueous solution of claim 10, wherein the titanium complex contains three unsubstituted catecholate ligands.

17. The aqueous solution of claim 10, wherein the titanium complex further comprises at least one ligand selected from the group consisting of a substituted catecholate, ascorbate, citrate, glycolate, a polyol, gluconate, glycinate, a hydroxyalkanoate, acetate, formate, benzoate, malate, maleate, phthalate, sarcosinate, salicylate, oxalate, a urea, a polyamine, an aminophenolate, acetylacetonate, and lactate.

18. The aqueous solution of claim 10, wherein the titanium complex has a formula of

M_nTi(L1)(L2)(L3);

wherein L1, L2 and L3 are ligands, and at least one of L1, L2 and L3 is the at least one catecholate ligand;

M is a mixture of sodium and potassium counterions; and

n is an integer ranging between 1 and 6.

19. The aqueous solution of claim 18, wherein substantially equal molar quantities of the sodium and potassium counterions are present.

20. A flow battery comprising:

a first half-cell containing a first electrolyte solution; and

a second half-cell containing a second electrolyte solution;

wherein at least one of the first electrolyte solution and the second electrolyte solution comprises the aqueous solution of claim 10.