BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES
First Claim
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1. A method for regulating an energy storage device comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode, positive electrode and an electrolyte between said negative and positive electrodes, the method comprising:
- (a) measuring, with the aid of a temperature sensor in thermal communication with said electrochemical cell, an operating temperature of the electrochemical cell, wherein at least one of said negative electrode, positive electrode and electrolyte are in a liquid state at said operating temperature;
(b) calculating, with the aid of a battery management system, an impedance of a current flow path leading through said electrochemical cell using a correspondence between impedance and temperature stored in a memory location of said battery management system; and
(c) calculating, with the aid of said battery management system, a state of charge of said electrochemical cell using said impedance calculated in (b) and a current measured through said electrochemical cell.
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Abstract
Disclosed herein are methods and systems for monitoring and/or regulating energy storage devices. Examples of such monitoring and/or regulating include cell balancing, dynamic impedance control, breach detection and determination of state of charge of energy storage devices.
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Citations
133 Claims
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1. A method for regulating an energy storage device comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode, positive electrode and an electrolyte between said negative and positive electrodes, the method comprising:
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(a) measuring, with the aid of a temperature sensor in thermal communication with said electrochemical cell, an operating temperature of the electrochemical cell, wherein at least one of said negative electrode, positive electrode and electrolyte are in a liquid state at said operating temperature; (b) calculating, with the aid of a battery management system, an impedance of a current flow path leading through said electrochemical cell using a correspondence between impedance and temperature stored in a memory location of said battery management system; and (c) calculating, with the aid of said battery management system, a state of charge of said electrochemical cell using said impedance calculated in (b) and a current measured through said electrochemical cell. - View Dependent Claims (2, 8, 9)
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3-7. -7. (canceled)
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10-11. -11. (canceled)
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12. A method for detecting a breach of an electrochemical cell, the method comprising:
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(a) providing an electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode, an electrolyte and a positive electrode, wherein at least one of the negative electrode, the electrolyte and the positive electrode is in a liquid state at an operating temperature of the electrochemical cell that is at least about 250°
C., and wherein a seal isolates the negative electrode, the electrolyte and the positive electrode from an environment external to the electrochemical cell;(b) monitoring the electrochemical cell for an electrical signature that is indicative of a breach of the seal and exposure of at least one of the positive electrode, the electrolyte, and the negative electrode to the environment; and (c) in response to the electrical signature, inactivating the electrochemical cell, cooling the electrochemical cell, discharging the electrochemical cell and/or notifying a system operator. - View Dependent Claims (15, 21, 26, 31, 32)
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13-14. -14. (canceled)
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16-20. -20. (canceled)
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22-25. -25. (canceled)
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27-30. -30. (canceled)
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33-91. -91. (canceled)
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92. A system for energy storage, comprising:
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an energy storage device comprising a plurality of electrochemical cells, wherein each of the plurality of electrochemical cells comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode and an electrolyte between the negative and positive electrodes, wherein at least one of the negative electrode, the electrolyte and the positive electrode is in a liquid state at an operating temperature of a respective one of the plurality of electrochemical cells that is at least about 250°
C.; andat least one controller in electrical communication with the energy storage device, wherein the at least one controller is programmed to (a) monitor an operating state of the energy storage device, which operating state of the energy storage device includes an operating state of an individual electrochemical cell of the plurality of electrochemical cells, and (b) control the energy storage device in response to monitoring the operating state of the energy storage device to enable cell balancing between at least a subset of the plurality of electrochemical cells. - View Dependent Claims (93, 94, 97, 120, 122, 124, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133)
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95-96. -96. (canceled)
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98-119. -119. (canceled)
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121. (canceled)
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123. (canceled)
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125-127. -127. (canceled)
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129. (canceled)
Specification