HIGH CAPACITY HARD CARBON MATERIALS COMPRISING EFFICIENCY ENHANCERS
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A carbon material comprising a surface area of less than 50 m2/g, between 5% and 20% phosphorous by weight relative to total weight of all components in the carbon material and a specific lithium uptake capacity of greater than 1.4:
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Accused Products
Abstract
The present application is directed to hard carbon materials. The hard carbon materials find utility in any number of electrical devices, for example, in lithium ion batteries. Methods for making the disclosed carbon materials are also disclosed.
53 Citations
71 Claims
- 1. A carbon material comprising a surface area of less than 50 m2/g, between 5% and 20% phosphorous by weight relative to total weight of all components in the carbon material and a specific lithium uptake capacity of greater than 1.4:
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8. (canceled)
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10-12. -12. (canceled)
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16-23. -23. (canceled)
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26-28. -28. (canceled)
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33-37. -37. (canceled)
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39-41. -41. (canceled)
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45-49. -49. (canceled)
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51. (canceled)
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53. (canceled)
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54. A co-polymer gel comprising an epoxy containing phenolic-aldehyde co-polymer, the co-polymer gel comprising phosphorous-containing cross links, a phosphorous content of at least 1% by mass of the dry weight of the co-polymer and an optional solvent.
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55-64. -64. (canceled)
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65. A method for preparing a condensation polymer gel, the method comprising:
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a) forming crosslinked polymer gel particles having a volume average particle size ranging from 0.01 to 25 mm from an epoxy containing phenolic-aldehyde co-polymer in an optional solvent system; and b) crosslinking the polymer gel particles with a dopant phosphorous containing compound under conditions sufficient to associate at least 1% by mass of the dry weight of the co-polymer of the dopant phosphorous containing compound to bind covalently with the co-polymer gel.
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66. (canceled)
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67. A method for preparing a condensation polymer gel, the method comprising:
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a) forming crosslinked polymer gel particles having a volume average particle size ranging from 0.01 to 25 mm from an epoxy containing phenolic-aldehyde co-polymer in an optional solvent system; and b) crosslinking the polymer gel particles with a dopant nitrogen-containing compound under conditions sufficient to associate at least 1% by mass of the dry weight of the co-polymer of the dopant nitrogen-containing compound to bind covalently with the co-polymer gel.
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68-69. -69. (canceled)
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70. A carbon material prepared by a process comprising:
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1) polymerizing one or more polymer precursors to obtain a polymer gel; and 2) pyrolyzing the polymer gel to obtain the carbon material, wherein a nitrogen containing substance is contacted with the polymer gel during polymerization of the one or more polymer precursors, the nitrogen containing substance is contacted with the polymer gel after polymerization of the polymer gel, the nitrogen containing compound is contacted with the carbon material or polymer gel during pyrolysis or the nitrogen containing compound is contacted with the carbon material after pyrolysis or combinations thereof.
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71. A carbon material prepared by a process comprising:
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1) polymerizing one or more polymer precursors to obtain a polymer gel; and 2) pyrolyzing the polymer gel to obtain the carbon material, wherein a phosphorous containing substance is contacted with the polymer gel during polymerization of the one or more polymer precursors, the phosphorous containing substance is contacted with the polymer gel after polymerization of the polymer gel, the phosphorous containing compound is contacted with the carbon material or polymer gel during pyrolysis or the phosphorous containing compound is contacted with the carbon material after pyrolysis or combinations thereof.
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Specification